Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define psychology
The scientific study of the mind and body
Behavior
Observable actions
Who was HM (Henry Molisn)
Had his hypocampus taken out and he could not form new memories, he had anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Unable to form new memories
Retrograde amnesia
Can’t remember previous things but can form new memories
Plato came up with
Nativism
Nativism
The idea that we are born with a certain amount of knowledge
Aristotle came up with
Tabula rasa (blank slate)
Empiricism
Empiricism
All knowledge that we gain comes through experiences
Franz Joseph Gall came up with…
Phrenology
Phrenology
the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities
Who was Paul Broca
He had significant damage to Brockas area and could not speak very well
What does Broca’s area do
Allows speech
What did Herman von Helmholtz do
studied physiology, stimulus and reaction time
What did Wilhelm Wundt do
Founded the first psychological laboratory
Studied consciousness and structuralism
What is structuralism
focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection
What is introspection
The subjective observation of one’s own experience
what did William James do
applied scientific approach to psychology, use functionalism
What is functionalism?
all of our mental processes serves a function to help us survive
Who was jean-marie Charcot and Pierre Janet?
hysteria
a temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, ususally as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences (multiple conscious selves)
who was Sigmund Freud?
used psychoanalytic techniques such as psychoanalysis, came up with the unconscious
unconscious
the part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions
psychoanalysis
psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental conditions by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
humanistic psychology , therapist and client are on equal footing
John Waston
Behaviorism
behaviorism
approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals
Ivan Pavlov
pavlov’s Dogs
BF skinner
animals learn by interacting with their environment (beavoirisit)
reinforcement
reinforcement
consequences of behavior will determine of we do the behavior again (no free will)
Gestalt Psychology
a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive that whole rather that the sum of the parts
cognitive psychology
study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning
sir frederic bartlett
memory vs actual experiences
advent of computers
model for human mind
Karl Lashley
removed parts of rat brains, no one section of the brain was responsible for memory, the more brain taken out, the more memory loss
John Garcia
our ancestors learning histories influence our learning
evolutionary psychology
evolutionary psychology
explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection
Norman Triplett
bikers rode faster than with others
oru behavior is influenced by the presence of others
social psychology
social psychology
how do we change when other people are around us
cultural psychology
the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members
absolutism vs relativism
margaret mead
cultural psychology
