Lecture 7/8 Flashcards
What is the same about an enzyme and a transport?
Both are regulatory in function.
What is the difference between an enzyme and a transport?
Transporters are involved in transportation
Enzymes are involved in transformation
True/false:
Fresh water fish struggle with keeping water within themselves.
True
What is the byproduct of the TCA cycle?
CO2
The acquisition of Na+ and Cl- require energy, what do they use for energy?
They use ATP.
What is a antiporter?
A transporter that transports in two directions.
When Fresh water Fish move to salt water, what is the main role of the transporters?
They regulate the removal of NaCl molecules to maintain proper Homeostasis.
What are the four types of gated ion channels?
- Voltage gated channel
- Stretch gated channel
- Phosphorylation gated channel
- Ligand gated channel.
Where are Voltage gated channels found?
how do they open?
They are found on Axons and Dendrites
They open and close due to the change of charge around the gate.
Where are tension gated ions channels found? and how do they open?
They are found in regularity tissues such as the aorta.
They are force-ably opened by the cell, the opening of these gates distorts the cell shape due to them being anchored to the cytoskeleton.
What are phosphorylation gated channels?
how do they open?
They are gated ion channels that open when introduced to PO4^(2-)
How do ligand gated ion channels activate?
When a ligand binds to these channels it alters their shape and forces them to open.
What is always at a higher concentration outside then cell than inside the cell?
Why?
Na+
In order to make a charge gradient across the cell.
The farther away you get from a cell, what happens to the charge?
The farther away you get the more the charge diminishes.
What is the purpose of the charge gradient across the cell?
To allow for active transport of molecules.
What channel must always be active within a cell to ensure a proper charge gradient?
Sodium Potassium pumps.
How many stages are involed within the Na/K pump?
4 stages.
What process happens to allow for the secondary active transport of glucose with epithelial cells?
Glucose is co-transported up its concentration gradient with Na+ that is moving down its concentration gradient.
What generates heat within cells?
The inefficiency of gradient driven transport.
To what degree of greater affinity can a humming bird take up glucose when compared to a human?
10X greater ability to take up glucose.
What is a Quatromear?
A protein with 4 active sites.
When you run moving water through a enclosed copper pipe what happens?
The pipe will heat up due to microscopic interactions between the molecules building friction and waste heat.
Second law of thermodynamics.
What are the four main uses of Energy within any given animal?
What is this called?
- Growth
- Biosynthesis
- Maintenance
- Generation of external work.
Homeostatic work.
What is Biosynthesis?
three main
The production of any and all cells within an organism that allow for it to survive.
- Growth, reproduction, and fitness.
