Lecture 24-25 Flashcards
What are the two types of seasonal acclimation?
Winter acclimation and summer acclimation
How do winter acclimated animals change in reaction to altering temperatures?
Winter acclimated animals have an increased ability to alter their metabolic rate to regulate their body temp.
When a winter acclimated animal is in warm conditions (summer) it increases it metabolic rate in order to shed off the additional heat. (needs to burn fuel to maintain temp)
How do summer accminated animals change in reaction to altering temperatures
These animals put on a “winter coat” when it gets cold in order to insulate their bodies and increase the boundary layer between their body and the external environment.
When it gets warmer it sheds it “winter Coat” and has no need to drastically change its metabolic rate in order to maintain a constant body temp (Homeotherm)
What is qualitative vs quantitative data?
Qualitative data is data that is descriptive
Quantitative data is data that is numerical in nature
Why is hibernation an effective means of energy conservation through times of adverse environmental conditions?
Hibernation lowers the body temperature of the animal, further lowering the VO2 demand, and even further lowering the metabolic rate of the animal.
this leads to lowered energy consumption over longtime scales. such as weeks to months.
How do some animals change their metabolic rate during the day for optional energy conservation?
they lower their body temp while they sleep to conserve energy, and raise it when they wake up so that they are ready to do work.
If animals save so much energy being in hypothermia, why don’t they stay in a constant state of lowered body temp?
Low body temp equals low metabolic rate, and decreases ability to do work; work such as running away from a hungry predictor that wants to eat you.
How come a log cabin takes less energy to warm then a avarge home in the city? and how come city homes see a spike in energy consumption when it gets warmer than 20C outside?
- Log cabins are smaller and better isolated from the cold thus requiring less net energy to warm (like a summer acclimated animal developing a winter coat). whereas a city home has less insolation and thus needs to burn more fuel to maintain heat (summer acclimated animal)
- Homes increase in energy consumption at 20C because they need to burn more energy to maintain an optimal heat inside.
What is the role of red muscle and white muscle?
red muscle is slow twitch
white muscle is fast twitch
What is the function of counter current heat exchange in animals?
Warm arterial blood and cool venus blood are run in close orientation. when the cooled venus blood rushes back to the inner core of the body the warm artreial blood warms it, and it equally cooled as it reaches the blood moves closer to the outside of the animal (lowering the relative temperature of animals surface and environment limiting heat loss)
When you regulate ions, you also regulate______
Water
True or false:
plants can also be endothermic
True.
the sunken cabbage has a heating organ that allows it to emerge early from the snow, while also relasesing a smell that attracts animals that will fertilize the soil around them.
What are the three main body fluids and what is the main difference between them.
Intracellular fluid
Interstellar fluid
blood plasma
they all have different osmolarity.
What is an osmotic regulator? and what is a osmotic conformer
Osmotic regulators maintain a constant internal osmolarity whereas osmotic conformers will adopt to the environments osmolarity
What is the osmolarity of sea water?
1200mOm’s
