Lecture 6 Flashcards
Why do transporters exist?
- To transport objects that cannot be transported themselves across the cell membrane.
- To facilitate the movement of molecules across the concentration gradient.
What kind of modulation is for phosphodiesterase?
It is an allosterically modulated enzyme.
What is phosphofructikinase key in the regulation of?
Glycolysis.
What role does Citrate play in the regulation of phosphofructikinase?
It decreases the catalytic activity
What role does AMP play in the regulation of phosphofructikinase?
It potently increases the catalytic activity.
What ARE citrate and AMP?
Allosteric inhibitors
Who loves frog
Duck……did :(
What is protein kinase often associated with?
Amplifying effects
What is the difference between Alpha glucose and Beta Glucose.
We can digest apha glusoce but not beta glucose.
Why can’t we digest Glucose beta?
Its plant shit.
cell walls and crap
What does the ubiquitin-proteasome system do?
Tags proteins and destroys them.
What is the difference between bio-luminescence and biofloresnece?
Bio-luminescence generates its own light, florescence reflects revived light.
What are the four types of receptor proteins involved in cell signaling?
- Ligand gated channel
- G protien-coupled receptor
- Enzyme linked receptor
- intracellular receptor
What is a ligand gated channel?
A channel that is activate by the incorporation of a ligand within the extra-cellular fluid
What is a G Protien coupled receptor?
A receptor that involves the following steps:
- a liagnd activates a G-protein coupled receptor
- That receptor sends a message to the G-protein.
- The G-protein then sends a message to Enzyme AC
- Enzyme AC then converts ATP into cyclic AMP
Are GPCR’s Important?
Yes, they are basically critical to everything alive.
How fast is the GPCR reaction?
Lightning Fast
why bother with GPCR?
Because it can regulated
Why does your body invest in multi-step pathways?
So that it can better regulate the pathways involved.
What is a enzyme linked receptor?
A receptor that when a lingand (first messenger) makes contact with it binds with GTP and makes Cyclic GMP (second messenger)
ie it actives a enzyme driven pathway.
What is a intracellular receptor?
A lipophilic signaling molecule (a steroid) passes through the cell membrane and makes contact with a intracelluler receptor.
What is the most common intracellular receptor?
Intracellular receptor within the nucleus, connects with a nuclear messenger.
Once the messenger is revived DNA begins replication.
What is alpha- Conotoxin?
A toxin that binds to actolcoline receptors (ie muscle receptors)
What does MOA mean?
Mechanism of Action
Is alpha-Conotoxin hypophilic?
yes it is
What is unique about hummingbirds glucose receptors?
They have a FUCK TON of them, because they basically live off of sugar water.
What ions dominate ECF?
Na+
What ions dominate ICF?
K+
Anionic protens
With some Cl- and Na+
What direction does water want to move?
Towards or away from higher concentrations?
Towards higher concentration.
In order to maintain equilibrium.
Will charges move towards equilibrium as well?
Yes,
as opposite charges attract.
True/false:
Solutes will also move towards equilibrium.
True.
True or false:
Cells are usually positive in respect to their environment.
False:
Cells are negatively charged internally.
Why does Potassium want to move into cells?
Because it is down its concentration gradient.
What is the boundary layer?
The area around a cell that is high in concentration of ionic particles that maintains a positive charge around the cell.
Where does organization of charged ions occur around the cell?
Only at the membrane.
What happens when you place a cell within a hyoptonic solution?
Water will move into the cell
The solution will move out of the cell.
What is the purpose of fishes gills?
To take ions out of the water and put them back into the fish.
What does it mean when a Fish is Catadromous?
When a fish lives in freshwater, and migreates to salt water to spawn.
eels
What does it mean when a Anadromous mean?
Lives in saltwater, and migrates to freshwater to spawn.
Salmon
Ion transport functions of ________ must change when a fish travels between salt and fresh water.
Epithelia.
It is controlled by hormones.
