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321 - Physiology > Lecture 6 - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

ANS is predominantly an _____ system

A

efferent

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2
Q

the ANS transmits impulses from ____ to ____

A

transmits impulses from CNS to peripheral organ systems

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3
Q

three subdivisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Enteric

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4
Q

Is ANS a two or one neuron transmission

A

ANS is always a 2 neuron system

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5
Q

is somatic nervous system a 1 neuron system or 2 neuron system

A

1 neuron system

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6
Q

describe the path of transmission of the ANS starting at the central nervous system to the effector organ

A

CNS –> preganglionic fiber –> preganglionic NT to the postganglionic fiber at the level of the autonomic ganglion –> postganglionic fiber –> postganglionic NT at varicosity –> effector organ

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7
Q

*****compare and contrast somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system (important, said would be on test)

A

Somatic: one neuron connects directly to effector, connects only to muscle (skeletal), only excitatory effects, one transmitter

Autonomic: two neurons connect to effector, can be a muscle or a gland (smooth or cardiac muscle), can be released directly to blood stream (ex. adrenal medulla), Both inhibitory and excitatory effects (ex. heart rate)

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8
Q

is fight or flight a branch of sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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9
Q

what are some of the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

pupil dilation, vasoconstriction (GI, skin, brain, periphery), goosebumps, sweating, vasodilation (in heart, skeletal muscle, lungs), increased HR and BP, bronchodilation

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10
Q

is “rest and digest” controlled by parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

does the somatic NS have ganglia

A

naur

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12
Q

2 kinds of ACh receptors

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

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13
Q

Describe muscarinic receptor action and targets

A

action: can be inhibitory and excitatory depending on receptor subtype (ex. M1-5)

Target tissue (ex. bronchoconstriction, decreased heart rate)

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14
Q

Describe nicotinic receptor action and targets

A

Action: excitatory, fast (ex. noticing a predator)

Target: post ganglionic (parasympathetic + sympathetic)

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15
Q

Name the norepinephrine receptors and wether they are excitatory or inhibitory

A

R-alpha: excitatory (except for gut)

R-beta 1: Excitatory/ inhibitory

R beta 2: inhibitory

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16
Q

where are ANS norepinephrine receptors located

A

all ANS norepinephrine receptors are located on target tissues (target effectors)

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17
Q

Describe the key structure for controlling autonomic function

A

hypothalamus: key for thermoregulation, BP, heart rate, and multiple other functions

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18
Q

is control of the ANS accomplished by one centres or multiple centres in the brain

A

complex, accomplished by multiple centers

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19
Q

Describe the relationship between the enteric NS, parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

A

enteric nervous system generally functions independently of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system but can be influenced by them

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20
Q

Name some neurotransmitters contained in the enteric nervous system

A

serotonin (5-HT),

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21
Q

Functions of the enteric system

A

Motility (peristalsis), Secretions (digestive enzymes), fluid regulation, GI blood flow

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22
Q

name the layers of the enteric system starting at the lumen, working outwards

A

lumen
mucosal
submucosal
submucosal plexus
circular muscle
Mysenteric plexus
longitudinal muscle
serosa

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23
Q

describe the serosa

A

double membrane lining closed cavities

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24
Q

what is longitudinal muscle

A

smooth muscle

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25
Q

Describe the myenteric plexus

A

neural controls motility and peristalsis

Contains neurons responsible for regulating enzyme output of adjacent organs

(extensive innervation)

26
Q

what is circular muscle

A

smooth muscle

27
Q

describe the submucosal plexus

A

neural control for ion and water transport

contains sensory cells that communicate with the mesenteric plexus and motor fibers stimulate secretions of fluid into lumen

28
Q

describe the lumen

A

no nerves enter this area, where digestion occurs

29
Q

describe the mesentary

A

attaches bowel to body wall and contains major arteries, veins, lymphatics and external nerves

30
Q

Describe the parasympathetic nervous system control of the enteric nervous system

A

PNS is generally stimulatory
- increases secretions, motility and blood flow (rest and digest)

31
Q

Describe the sympathetic nervous system control of the enteric nervous system

A

SNS is inhibitory to the ENS, reduces secretions and decreases blood flow and motility

32
Q

compare and contrast the locations of preganglionic neurons of sympathetic vs parasympathetic pathways

A

Sympathetic:
- confined to thoracolumbar regions/ thoracolumbar in nature

parasympathetic:
- largely sacral and brainstem (craniosacral)

33
Q

Describe the axon length of sympathetic autonomic neurons vs parasympathetic autonomic neurons

A

sympathetic: preganglionic neurons are very short in the 2 neuron system (neuron to effector is longer)

parasympathetic: 1st order neuron has long range axons with short neurons synapsing onto effector organs

34
Q

what are the 3 exceptions of the sympathetic autonomic pathways where the pre-ganglionic fibers are longer than usual

A

coeliac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion

35
Q

describe what NTs are release from 1st order and 2nd order neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system, what receptors they act on, and the actions at target sites

A

1st order neurons –> Ach at nicotinic receptors on 2nd order neurons –> 2nd order neurons release Ach –> muscarinic receptors on effectors –> increase exocrine secretions, increase GI smooth muscle contractions, decrease heart rate, constricts pupil

36
Q

describe what NTs are release by pre and post ganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system, what receptors they act on, and the action at target sites

A

Preganglionic fibers –> Ach onto nicotinic receptors of postganglionic fibers –> Norepinepherine onto alpha and beta receptors

increases splenic contractions, increase force of cardiac muscle contractions, decrease contraction of GI smooth muscle, constricts peripheral blood vessels, dilates bronchial airways, dilates pupil

37
Q

describe sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla, what is released and the downstream effects

A

neuron –> Ach to nicotinic receptors on adrenal medulla –> adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinepherine into the blood (note: these are now considered hormones) –> alpha and beta receptors –> fight or flight actions

(increases splenic contractions, increase force of cardiac muscle contractions, decrease contraction of GI smooth muscle, constricts peripheral blood vessels, dilates bronchial airways, dilates pupil)

38
Q

Which norepinephrine receptor receives signals exclusively from blood (hormones)

A

Beta 2 receptors

39
Q

Radial muscle - iris NE receptor and response

A

Alpha 1 receptor, contraction (dilates pupils)

40
Q

Cilliary muscle cholinergic response

A

contraction for near vision (lens)

41
Q

Cilliary muscle NE receptor and response

A

Beta 2 receptor, relaxation for far vision

42
Q

Sinoatrial node Cholinergic impulse

A

decrease in heart rate

43
Q

sinoatrial node NE receptor and response

A

Beta 1 receptor, increase in heart rate

44
Q

Atria Cholinergic response

A

decrease contractility

45
Q

Atria NE receptor and response

A

beta 1, increase contractility and conduction velocity

46
Q

AV node cholinergic response

A

AV block

47
Q

AV node NE receptor and NE response

A

B1, increase in conduction velocity

48
Q

Ventricles NE receptor and response

A

B1, increase contractility and conduction velocity

49
Q

Coronary, skel. muscle, pulmonary, renal arterioles cholinergic impulse

A

dilation (sometimes skel. muscle)

50
Q

Coronary, skel. muscle, pulmonary, renal arterioles NE receptor and response

A

Alpha –> constriction
Beta 2 –> dilation

51
Q

skin, mucosal, salivary gland NE receptors and response

A

alpha –> constriction

52
Q

Systemic veins NE receptor and response

A

alpha –> constriction
beta 2 –> dilation

53
Q

bronchial muscle of lungs cholinergic impulse

A

contraction

54
Q

Bronchial muscle NE receptor and response

A

Beta 2 –> relaxation

55
Q

Bronchial gland of lung NE receptors and responses

A

alpha 1 –> decrease in secretion
Beta 2 –> increase in secretion

56
Q

pilomotor muscles of skin NE receptor and response

A

alpha 1 –> contraction

57
Q

Salivary gland cholinergic response

A

profuse watery secretion

58
Q

salivary gland NE receptor and response

A

alpha –> scant, viscous secretion

59
Q

review slide 22, 15,14, 11,10,9

A

srsly >:(

60
Q

what are some of the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Vasodilation in periphery, urination and defecation, resting HR and BP, sexual arousal, salivation, contraction of pupil and lens, bronchoconstriction, digestion (enzymes and peristalsis)

321 - Physiology (52 decks)

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