Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Lecture 6-8 > Flashcards

Lecture 6-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Myocyte

A

muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

ER in muscle cells that stores calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Striated and Non-striated Muscles

A

S- skeletal and cardiac

Non- smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle Fibers

A

long, thin cell with multiple nuclei and myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myofibrils

A

consist of many sarcomeres surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum and t-tubule system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sarcomere

A

functional unit of muscle

smallest part of muscle that can still perform its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contractile Protein Structure

A

thick and thin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thick Filaments

A

myosin

heavy chains w/ globular heads that bind actin and have ATPase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thin Filaments

A

Actin- 2 strands of F actin in a helix
Tropomyosin
Troponin Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

F Actin

A

made of G actin

has myosin binding sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tropomyosin

A

double stranded helix around actin

covers myosin binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Troponin Complex

A

binds to tropomyosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Troponin T

A

binds complex to tropomyosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Troponin I

A

Holds tropomyosin in myosin binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Troponin C

A

binds calcium, uncovers myosin binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dystrophin

A

connects sarcomere to sarcolemma and ECM

mutations cause muscular dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nebulin

A

holds thin filaments apart from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alpha- Actinin

A

holds thin filaments to z-disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Titan

A

spring that runs through heavy chain and connects it to z-disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

M Line

A

bisects sarcomere and bare zone

right down the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bare (H) Zone

A

only heavy chains

center, no heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A Band

A

thick and thin filaments

dark striation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

I Band

A

only thin filaments

light striation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Z-Disc

A

borders- connects individual sarcomeres

bisects I band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Terminal Cisternae

A

ends of sarcoplasmic reticulum

has RyR receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

RyR Receptor

A

RyR, calcium release channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Triad

A

t-tubule and SR (2 terminal cisternae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Changes of DHPR

A

changes RyR shape due to tight packing in t-tubule system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Calcium Binding Proteins

A

keep free Ca low in SR

30
Q

Calcium reuptake and release

A

reuptake- longitudinal sections

release- terminal areas

31
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling

A

myosin binds actin and pulls it toward M line

32
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

actin and myosin slide past each other, pulling z-discs together
force transferred to CT around fiber
entire muscle eventually shortens and moves bones

33
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling at rest

A

tropomyosin cover binding site on actin

myosin has bound ATP and is cocked; has high affinity for actin

34
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling- calcium binding

A

Ca binds TnC, moves tropomyosin off actin’s myosin binding pocket
myosin - ATP to ADP and binds actin

35
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling- power stroke

A

myosin releases ADP and ratchets, pulling actin toward M line

36
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling- reloading

A

myosin binds ATP and releases actin; recocked

37
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling- Relaxation

A

Ca stays in SR by SERCA, no Ca to bind
tropomyosin covers actin binding site
contraction stops

38
Q

Tetanus

A

recruiting multiple units or stim same unit multiple times to get mvmt

39
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

enough force is generated to move weight

force velocity relationship

40
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

same length
not enough force to move weight
length tension relationship

41
Q

Smooth Muscle

A 
no control
no sarcomere
operate effectively when stretched
fatigue resistant
make resting tone- stay partially contracted
42
Q

Single Unit

A 
Smooth M
cells linked by gap junction
little inn
some can make own AP
contract together
43
Q

Multi Unit

A

Smooth M
each cell has own inn
function as distinct muscle cell

44
Q

E-C Coupling in Smooth M

A

Ca enters cytoplasm- depolarization
cytoplasm releases Ca from SR
Ca binds to Calmodulin, which activates MLCK

45
Q

MLCK

A

controls cross bridge cycling in smooth muscle

46
Q

Calcium Entry into Smooth M

A

2nd Messenger Gated Channels
NT activate Gq receptors which make IP3
IP3 channels open on SR
IP3 dependent Ca opens other Ca channels

47
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling in Smooth M

A

Ca binds and activates calmodulin
calmodulin activates MLCK
MLCK phosphorylates myosin, increasing its ATPase activity

48
Q

Relaxation in Smooth M

A

when MLCK is no longer active
low ICF Ca
myosin dephosphorylated by myosin phosphatase

49
Q

Phasic Contractions

A

spike of Ca, single contraction, relaxation

50
Q

Tonic Contractions

A

spike of Ca, maintain force

latch state

51
Q

Latch State

A

allows for resting muscle tone to be generated at lower metabolic cost

52
Q

Length- Tension Relationship of Smooth M

A

cant overstretch smooth m
can generate max force at any length
no sarcomeres allow for proper alignment at all preload

53
Q

Force- Velocity Relationship of Smooth M

A

velocity of contraction increases with more myosin phosphorylated

54
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

threshold more negative

less excitable

55
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

threshold less negative

more excitable

56
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A 
gap junctions at intercalated disk
contract on its own
longer AP
fatigue resistant- more mitochondria
RMP -90mV
57
Q

Cardiac M AP Phase 4

A

RMP same as other cells

K leak channels

58
Q

Cardiac M AP Phase 0

A

Upstroke

Na channels open

59
Q

Cardiac M AP Phase 1

A

early repolarization

K channels open

60
Q

Cardiac M AP Phase 2

A

Plateau
Ca channels open
SR dump

61
Q

Cardiac M AP Phase 3

A

late repolarization

K channels open

62
Q

Absolute Refractory Period of Cardiac M

A

200 msec

prevents tetany

63
Q

Opening RyR channels in cardiac m

A

need ECF Ca

phase 1 and 2

64
Q

Effective Refractory Period

A

no conducted potential can generate AP

65
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

AP can fire if a greater than norm stim is provided

shorter plateau

66
Q

Supranormal Period

A

cell is more excitable than normal

not yet reach RMP

67
Q

Frank Starling Law

A

heart generates more force when preload is increased

68
Q

Cardiac Pacemakers

A 
electrical conduction system of heart
Sinoatrial Node
no SR
unstable RMP
depolarize at set rate
69
Q

Phases of Cardiac Pacemakers

A

4- Unstable RMP; K close, Na and Ca open
0- Fire AP; Ca open
3- Repolarize- K open

70
Q

PNS Synapses of SA Node

A

M2 receptors

increase K, decrease Na and Ca

71
Q

SNS Synapses of SA Node

A

B1 receptor

increase Na and Ca

Physiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions