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Physiology > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

One to One Syapses

A

one presynaptic to one postsynaptic

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2
Q

One to Many Synapses

A

one presynaptic to 1+ postsynaptic
motorneurons in spinal cord
amplify signal

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3
Q

Many to One Synapses

A

1+ presynaptic to 1 postsynaptic

allows for integration of many signals

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4
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

neurotransmitter binds, changes post synaptic membrane potential

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5
Q

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials

A

depolarize cell towards threshold
Na channels open
Glutamate, Ach

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6
Q

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials

A

hyperpolarize cell away from threshold
Cl channels open
GABA, glycine

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7
Q

Temporal Summation

A

time between synapses

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8
Q

Spatial Summation

A

multiple inputs at the same time

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9
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

made and released by pre-synaptic cell

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10
Q

Acetylcholine

A

made from acetate and choline
stored in vesicles
released in response to Ca2+ influx
broken down by acetylcholine esterase

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11
Q

Biogenic Amines

A

Broken down by MAO, COMT
determines amount of NT released
tryptophan (serotonin and melatonin) and histidine (histamine)

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12
Q

Amino Acids

A

Gaba, Glutamate, glycine

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13
Q

Gaseous Transmitters

A

cell permeant gasses (NO) that can act on postsynaptic cells

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14
Q

Neuropeptides

A

larger molecules like ADH of Oxytocin

neuromodulators and neurohormones

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15
Q

Neuromodulators

A

act on presynaptic cell to affect amount of NT release

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16
Q

Neurohormones

A

made by neurons and released into bloodstream to have effects

17
Q

Purines

A

released with NT to augment effect

18
Q

Ionotropic Receptors

A

receptor is ion channel
nicotinic receptor is primarily Na channels, GABA is Cl channels
fast to alter ionic flux

19
Q

Metabotropic Receptors

A

coupled to G protein
binding of ligand activates protein to make 2nd messenger (IP3, cAMP), which interacts with ion channels and activate kinases

20
Q

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

RTK

A

Growth factor signaling

starts kinase cascade to change transcription

21
Q

Receptor Tyrosine Phospatase

RTP

A

Growth Factor Signaling

22
Q

Gs

A

stim adenylate cyclase- increase cAMP

23
Q

Gi

A

Inhibits adenylate cyclase

decrease cAMP

24
Q

Phosphodiesterase

PDE

A

degrades cAMP

25
Q

Gq

A

activates phospholipase C to make IP3 and DAG

26
Q

IP3

A

open calcium channels on intracellular stores

27
Q

DAG

A

activate a kinase cascade through PKC

28
Q

B1 location

A

heart

29
Q

B2 location

A

smooth muscle

30
Q

Alpha Adrenergic

A

respond to NE and Epi
a1- Gq
a2- Gi

31
Q

Muscarinic Receptors types

A

respond to Ach
Gq- M1, M3, M5
Gi- M2, M4

32
Q

Guanalyl Cyclase

A

makes cGMP
non-receptor can be activated by NO
2nd messenger in phototransduction pathway
broken down by PDE

Physiology (17 decks)

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