Lecture 1

Question 1

Cause of Disease and Pathology

Answer 1

errors exceed ability of control system to adjust

Question 2

Full Compensation

Answer 2

body doing all it can to return to normal function

Question 3

Pathologic Potassium

Answer 3

2.5- 6 mEq/L

too much or too little can kill

Question 4

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 4

2/3 of TBW
fluid inside all cells of body
allows all solutes to be dissolved in same medium- allows metabolic rxns to occur

Question 5

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 5

1/3 of TBW
fluid outside of cells
splits into interstitial fluid and plasma by capillary walls

Question 6

ICF Composition

Answer 6

mostly potassium and proteins

Question 7

ECF Composition

Answer 7

mostly sodium and chloride

Question 8

Plasma Composition

Answer 8

mostly sodium and chloride

some protein

Question 9

Interstitial Fluid Composition

Answer 9

mostly sodium and chloride

no proteins

Question 10

K+ Gradient

Answer 10

communication

Question 11

Na+ Gradient

Answer 11

absorption of nutrients

Question 12

Ca2+

Answer 12

muscle movement

Question 13

Capillary Membrane

Answer 13

not selective

filters based on size

Question 14

Cell Membrane

Answer 14

only small, non-polar solutes pass thru

O2, CO2, ethanol, steroids, water

Question 15

Channels

Answer 15

Hole in membrane for specific solutes

Question 16

Transport Protein

Answer 16

can move large solutes with or against concentration gradient
have stereospecificity

Question 17

Passive Transport

Answer 17

movement with gradient

diffusion; facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Active Transport

Answer 18

movement against gradient

requires enzyme

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

movement of solutes from area of higher to lower conc
random mvmt
faster with temp and conc gradient

Question 20

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 20

Carrier proteins bind to and move specific non-permeant solutes across membrane

Question 21

Active Transport

Answer 21

uses ATP
always move against gradient
can move 1+ molecules in varying directions

Question 22

Symport

Answer 22

same direction

Question 23

Antiport

Answer 23

opposite direction

Question 24

SGLT1

Answer 24

moves Na+ and glucose into cell in small intestine and kidney

Question 25

NCX

Answer 25

moves Ca2+ out and Na+ in

Question 26

Primary Active Transport

Answer 26

ATP used to directly move solutes

pumps and ATPases

Question 27

Secondary Active Transport

Answer 27

gradient set up by primary transport used to move solutes

Question 28

Tertiary Active Transport

Answer 28

uses cargo brought in by secondary to bring in another solute

Question 29

Transport Maximum

Answer 29

most amount of solute that transporters can carry

Question 30

Saturation

Answer 30

conc of solute is greater than # of available transporters

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

water freely passing thru most cell membranes- aquaporins

pressure causes water to be pushed from area of low solute conc to high conc

Question 32

Tonicity

Answer 32

comparison of 2 fluids separated by semi-permeable membrane

Question 33

Hypotonic

Answer 33

Inside of cell has more dissolved solutes

water rushes in, cell bursts

Question 34

Isotonic

Answer 34

Dissolved solutes are equal, no water movement

Question 35

Hypertonic

Answer 35

Less solute inside

water rushes out, cell shrivels