Lecture 1 Flashcards
Cause of Disease and Pathology
errors exceed ability of control system to adjust
Full Compensation
body doing all it can to return to normal function
Pathologic Potassium
2.5- 6 mEq/L
too much or too little can kill
Intracellular Fluid
2/3 of TBW
fluid inside all cells of body
allows all solutes to be dissolved in same medium- allows metabolic rxns to occur
Extracellular Fluid
1/3 of TBW
fluid outside of cells
splits into interstitial fluid and plasma by capillary walls
ICF Composition
mostly potassium and proteins
ECF Composition
mostly sodium and chloride
Plasma Composition
mostly sodium and chloride
some protein
Interstitial Fluid Composition
mostly sodium and chloride
no proteins
K+ Gradient
communication
Na+ Gradient
absorption of nutrients
Ca2+
muscle movement
Capillary Membrane
not selective
filters based on size
Cell Membrane
only small, non-polar solutes pass thru
O2, CO2, ethanol, steroids, water
Channels
Hole in membrane for specific solutes
Transport Protein
can move large solutes with or against concentration gradient
have stereospecificity
Passive Transport
movement with gradient
diffusion; facilitated diffusion
Active Transport
movement against gradient
requires enzyme
Diffusion
movement of solutes from area of higher to lower conc
random mvmt
faster with temp and conc gradient
Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier proteins bind to and move specific non-permeant solutes across membrane
Active Transport
uses ATP
always move against gradient
can move 1+ molecules in varying directions
Symport
same direction
Antiport
opposite direction
SGLT1
moves Na+ and glucose into cell in small intestine and kidney
NCX
moves Ca2+ out and Na+ in
Primary Active Transport
ATP used to directly move solutes
pumps and ATPases
Secondary Active Transport
gradient set up by primary transport used to move solutes
Tertiary Active Transport
uses cargo brought in by secondary to bring in another solute
Transport Maximum
most amount of solute that transporters can carry
Saturation
conc of solute is greater than # of available transporters
Osmosis
water freely passing thru most cell membranes- aquaporins
pressure causes water to be pushed from area of low solute conc to high conc
Tonicity
comparison of 2 fluids separated by semi-permeable membrane
Hypotonic
Inside of cell has more dissolved solutes
water rushes in, cell bursts
Isotonic
Dissolved solutes are equal, no water movement
Hypertonic
Less solute inside
water rushes out, cell shrivels
