B8 L4

Question 1

Pacreas Endocrine Function

Answer 1

releases hormones involved in blood sugar homeostasis

Question 2

Pancreas Exocrine Function

Answer 2

release digestive juices into SI

Question 3

B cells

Answer 3

release insulin

Question 4

a cells

Answer 4

release glucagon

Question 5

Delta cells

Answer 5

release somatostatin

Question 6

F cells

Answer 6

release pancreatic polypeptide

Question 7

Epsilon cells

Answer 7

release Ghrelin

Question 8

Insulin Structure

Answer 8

A, B, C chain

C removed during production and secreted w/ insulin

Question 9

Degrades Insulin

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

Presence of C Chain

Answer 10

T2D

Question 11

No C Chain

Answer 11

T1D

Question 12

Insulin secreted when….

Answer 12

blood glucose is high

Question 13

GLUT 4

Answer 13

insulin dependent glucose transporter in muscle and fat

Question 14

GLUT 2

Answer 14

transports glucose into B cells

Question 15

Insulin Functions

Answer 15

cause storage of excess energy
decreases blood glucose, fat levels, aa levels, K+ levels
feel less hungry

Question 16

Insulin action for decreasing blood glucose levels

Answer 16

causes GLUT 4 to insert to cell membrane

reduce gluconeogenesis

Question 17

Insulin action for decreasing blood fat levels

Answer 17

inhibits lipolysis

reduces ketoacid production

Question 18

Insulin action for decreasing blood amino acid levels

Answer 18

increases protein synthesis

Question 19

Insulin action for decreasing K+ blood levels

Answer 19

K taken up into cells by increasing Na K ATPase activity

Question 20

T1D

Answer 20

destruction of B cells- no insulin made
increases blood glucose, lipid, protein
muscle wasting
ketoacidosis
diuresis, acidosis, hyperkalemia

Question 21

Treatment for T1D

Answer 21

insulin therapy FOREVER

Question 22

T2D

Answer 22

loss of insulin sensitivity from high lvls of blood glucose

retinal problems

Question 23

Treatment for T2D

Answer 23

excercise, diet

Metformin- increase insulin receptors

Question 24

Glucagon Function

Answer 24

release of stored energy

increase blood glucose, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis

Question 25

Stim Glucagon release

Answer 25

low blood glucose
high protein intake
fasting or exercise

Question 26

Hyperglucagonemia

Answer 26

high blood glucose
weight loss
can cause T2D
necrolytic migratory erythema

Question 27

Somatostatin

Answer 27

inhibit growth hormone and secretion of insulin and glucagon

stim by food- modulates response

Question 28

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Answer 28

regulate all pancreas functions
increased after protein meal, fasting, exercise
decreased by somatostatin

Question 29

Ghrelin

Answer 29

released when hungry

inhibits secretion of insulin

Question 30

PTH and Vit D

Answer 30

increase blood calcium levels

Question 31

Calcitonin

Answer 31

reduce blood calcium levels

Question 32

PTH Actions

Answer 32

increase phosphate excretion and Ca reabsorption in kidney
dissolves bone
activates Vit D

Question 33

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 33

too much PTH

hypercalcemia, weak bones, hypophosphatemia

Question 34

Secondary Hyperparathroidism

Answer 34

from renal failure
Vit D can’t be activated in kidney
hypocalcemia, weak bones

Question 35

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 35

from thyroid removal
hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia

Question 36

Calcitonin

Answer 36

released by C cells of thyroid
inhibits bone breakdown
increases phosphate excretion and reduces Ca reabsorption

Question 37

Vitamin D

Answer 37

needed for calcium reabsorption from diet
need UV light and kidneys to make
PTH increases its production

Question 38

Rickets

Answer 38

lack of Vit D

weak bones