B8 L1 Flashcards
Endocrine System
maintains homeostasis
longer period to take effect
Autocrine
hormone affecting secreting cell
Paracrine
hormone affecting nearby cells
Endocrine
hormone affecting distant cells through blood stream
Peptide and Protein Hormones
from endocrine cells and stored in secretory vesicles until needed
secreted in response to stimulus
Thyrotropin releasing Hormone
TRH
from hypothalamus
stim secretion of TSH and prolactin
Corticotropin releasing Hormone
CRH
from hypothalamus
stim secretion of ACTH
Gonadotropin releasing Hormone
GnRH
from hypothalamus
stim secretion of LH and FSH
Somatostatin
from hypothalamus
inhibits secretion of growth hormone
Growth hormone releasing Hormone
GHRH
from hypothalamus
stim secretion of growth hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
TSH
from anterior pituitary
stim synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
FSH
from anterior pituitary
stim sperm matuaration in testes and estrogen synthesis in ovaries
Luteinizing Hormone
LH
from anterior pituitary
stim testosterone synthesis in testes; stim ovulation; form corpus luteum and estrogen and progesterone in ovaries
Growth Hormone
from anterior pituitary
stim protein synthesis and overall growth
Prolactin
from anterior pituitary
stim milk production and secretion in breasts
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
ACTH
from anterior pituitary
stim synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
Oxytocin
from posterior pituitary
stim milk ejection and uterine contractions
Vasopressin/ ADH
from posterior pituitary
stim water reabsorption in collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles
Calcitonin
from thyroid
decreases serum Ca
Parathyroid Hormone
PTH
from parathyroid
increases serum Ca
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
HCG
from placenta
stim estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum
Human Placental Lactogen
HPL
from placenta
has growth hormone-like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy
Insulin
from pancreas (B cells) decrease blood glucose
Glucagon
from pancreas (a cells) increases blood glucose
Renin
from kidney
catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
Steroid Hormones
cholesterol derivates
bind intracellular receptors
initiate transcription and translation
slowest to act
Cortisol
from adrenal cortex
stim gluconeogensis; suppresses immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines
Aldosterone
from adrenal cortex
increases renal N reabsorption, K and H secretion
Dehydroepiandosterone
DHEA
from adrenal cortex
similar to testosterone
Testosterone
from testes
stim spermatogenesis and male secondary sex characteristics
Estradiol
from ovaries
stim growth and dvlpment of female reproductive system
menstrual cycle, dvlpment of breasts, prolactin secretion, maintain pregnancy
Progesterone
from ovaries
stim luteal phase of menstrual cycle
maintains pregnancy
1,25- Dihydroxycholecalciferol
from kidney
increases intestinal absorption of Ca
bone mineralization
Amine Hormones
produced by metabolism of tyrosine
needs cell surface receptor to effect
Thyroid Hormone
part of amine hormones
signals like steroids
binds intracellularly
Dopamine
from hypothalamus
inhibits secretion of prolactin
T3 and T4
from thyroid
stim skeletal growth; O consumption; heat production; protein, fat, carb utilization; maturation of CNS
Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine
from adrenal medulla
SNS function
Affinity
how well receptor binds to hormone
High affinity
response at lower hormone concentration
Low affinity
response only at high hormone concentration
Receptor Number
number of available receptors
less receptors, less response
Axis of Hormones
TRH causes release of TSH which causes release of T3/T4
TSH inhibits TRH
T3/T4 inhibits TSH and TRH
Only type of positive feedback
ovulation
Hypothalamus
connects nervous system to endocrine system
Posterior Pituitary
axons and nerve endings of neurons in hypothalamus
does not directly make hormones
Anterior Pituitary
glandular tissue
makes and release hormones
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis
adrenals make cortisol
Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis
Thyroid makes T3/ T4
Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonad Axis
gonads make sex hormones
TRH is a….
Peptide hormone
CRH is a….
Peptide hormone
GnRH is a….
Peptide hormone
Somatostatin is a….
Peptide hormone
GHRH is a….
Peptide hormone
TSH is a….
Peptide hormone
FSH is a….
Peptide hormone
LH is a….
Peptide hormone
Growth Hormone is a….
Peptide hormone
Prolactin is a….
Peptide hormone
ACTH is a….
Peptide hormone
Oxytocin is a….
Peptide hormone
Vasopressin/ ADH is a….
Peptide hormone
Calcitonin is a….
Peptide hormone
PTH is a….
Peptide hormone
HCG is a….
Peptide hormone
HPL is a…
Peptide hormone
Insulin is a….
Peptide hormone
Glucagon is a….
Peptide hormone
Renin is a….
Peptide hormone
Cortisol is a….
Steroid Hormone
Aldosterone is a….
Steroid Hormone
DHEA is a….
Steroid Hormone
Testosterone is a….
Steroid Hormone
Estradiol is a….
Steroid Hormone
Progesterone is a….
Steroid Hormone
1,25- Dihydroxycholecalciferol is a…
Steroid Hormone
Dopamine is a….
Amine Hormone
T3/ T4 is a…
Amine Hormone
Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine is a….
Amine Hormone
Primary Dysfunction
secreting gland malfunctioned; rest is normal
Secondary Dysfunction
pituitary malfunctioned; rest normal
Tertiary Dysfunction
hypothalamus malfunctioned; rest normal
