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Physiology > B8 L1 > Flashcards

B8 L1 Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine System

A

maintains homeostasis

longer period to take effect

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2
Q

Autocrine

A

hormone affecting secreting cell

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3
Q

Paracrine

A

hormone affecting nearby cells

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4
Q

Endocrine

A

hormone affecting distant cells through blood stream

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5
Q

Peptide and Protein Hormones

A

from endocrine cells and stored in secretory vesicles until needed
secreted in response to stimulus

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6
Q

Thyrotropin releasing Hormone

TRH

A

from hypothalamus

stim secretion of TSH and prolactin

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7
Q

Corticotropin releasing Hormone

CRH

A

from hypothalamus

stim secretion of ACTH

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8
Q

Gonadotropin releasing Hormone

GnRH

A

from hypothalamus

stim secretion of LH and FSH

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9
Q

Somatostatin

A

from hypothalamus

inhibits secretion of growth hormone

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10
Q

Growth hormone releasing Hormone

GHRH

A

from hypothalamus

stim secretion of growth hormone

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11
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

TSH

A

from anterior pituitary

stim synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

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12
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

FSH

A

from anterior pituitary

stim sperm matuaration in testes and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

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13
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

LH

A

from anterior pituitary

stim testosterone synthesis in testes; stim ovulation; form corpus luteum and estrogen and progesterone in ovaries

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14
Q

Growth Hormone

A

from anterior pituitary

stim protein synthesis and overall growth

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15
Q

Prolactin

A

from anterior pituitary

stim milk production and secretion in breasts

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16
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

ACTH

A

from anterior pituitary

stim synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones

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17
Q

Oxytocin

A

from posterior pituitary

stim milk ejection and uterine contractions

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18
Q

Vasopressin/ ADH

A

from posterior pituitary

stim water reabsorption in collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles

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19
Q

Calcitonin

A

from thyroid

decreases serum Ca

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20
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

PTH

A

from parathyroid

increases serum Ca

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21
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

HCG

A

from placenta

stim estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum

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22
Q

Human Placental Lactogen

HPL

A

from placenta

has growth hormone-like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy

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23
Q

Insulin

A 
from pancreas (B cells)
decrease blood glucose
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24
Q

Glucagon

A 
from pancreas (a cells)
increases blood glucose
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25
Q

Renin

A

from kidney

catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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26
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

cholesterol derivates
bind intracellular receptors
initiate transcription and translation
slowest to act

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27
Q

Cortisol

A

from adrenal cortex

stim gluconeogensis; suppresses immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines

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28
Q

Aldosterone

A

from adrenal cortex

increases renal N reabsorption, K and H secretion

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29
Q

Dehydroepiandosterone

DHEA

A

from adrenal cortex

similar to testosterone

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30
Q

Testosterone

A

from testes

stim spermatogenesis and male secondary sex characteristics

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31
Q

Estradiol

A

from ovaries
stim growth and dvlpment of female reproductive system
menstrual cycle, dvlpment of breasts, prolactin secretion, maintain pregnancy

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32
Q

Progesterone

A

from ovaries
stim luteal phase of menstrual cycle
maintains pregnancy

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33
Q

1,25- Dihydroxycholecalciferol

A

from kidney
increases intestinal absorption of Ca
bone mineralization

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34
Q

Amine Hormones

A

produced by metabolism of tyrosine

needs cell surface receptor to effect

35
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A

part of amine hormones
signals like steroids
binds intracellularly

36
Q

Dopamine

A

from hypothalamus

inhibits secretion of prolactin

37
Q

T3 and T4

A

from thyroid

stim skeletal growth; O consumption; heat production; protein, fat, carb utilization; maturation of CNS

38
Q

Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine

A

from adrenal medulla

SNS function

39
Q

Affinity

A

how well receptor binds to hormone

40
Q

High affinity

A

response at lower hormone concentration

41
Q

Low affinity

A

response only at high hormone concentration

42
Q

Receptor Number

A

number of available receptors

less receptors, less response

43
Q

Axis of Hormones

A

TRH causes release of TSH which causes release of T3/T4
TSH inhibits TRH
T3/T4 inhibits TSH and TRH

44
Q

Only type of positive feedback

A

ovulation

45
Q

Hypothalamus

A

connects nervous system to endocrine system

46
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

axons and nerve endings of neurons in hypothalamus

does not directly make hormones

47
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

glandular tissue

makes and release hormones

48
Q

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis

A

adrenals make cortisol

49
Q

Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis

A

Thyroid makes T3/ T4

50
Q

Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonad Axis

A

gonads make sex hormones

51
Q

TRH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

52
Q

CRH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

53
Q

GnRH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

54
Q

Somatostatin is a….

A

Peptide hormone

55
Q

GHRH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

56
Q

TSH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

57
Q

FSH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

58
Q

LH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

59
Q

Growth Hormone is a….

A

Peptide hormone

60
Q

Prolactin is a….

A

Peptide hormone

61
Q

ACTH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

62
Q

Oxytocin is a….

A

Peptide hormone

63
Q

Vasopressin/ ADH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

64
Q

Calcitonin is a….

A

Peptide hormone

65
Q

PTH is a….

A

Peptide hormone

66
Q

HCG is a….

A

Peptide hormone

67
Q

HPL is a…

A

Peptide hormone

68
Q

Insulin is a….

A

Peptide hormone

69
Q

Glucagon is a….

A

Peptide hormone

70
Q

Renin is a….

A

Peptide hormone

71
Q

Cortisol is a….

A

Steroid Hormone

72
Q

Aldosterone is a….

A

Steroid Hormone

73
Q

DHEA is a….

A

Steroid Hormone

74
Q

Testosterone is a….

A

Steroid Hormone

75
Q

Estradiol is a….

A

Steroid Hormone

76
Q

Progesterone is a….

A

Steroid Hormone

77
Q

1,25- Dihydroxycholecalciferol is a…

A

Steroid Hormone

78
Q

Dopamine is a….

A

Amine Hormone

79
Q

T3/ T4 is a…

A

Amine Hormone

80
Q

Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine is a….

A

Amine Hormone

81
Q

Primary Dysfunction

A

secreting gland malfunctioned; rest is normal

82
Q

Secondary Dysfunction

A

pituitary malfunctioned; rest normal

83
Q

Tertiary Dysfunction

A

hypothalamus malfunctioned; rest normal

Physiology (17 decks)

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