Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Avian Health > LECTURE 4: Primer to Avian Immunology > Flashcards

LECTURE 4: Primer to Avian Immunology Flashcards

*study antigen presentation (slide 25) + primary & secondary exposure (slide 35)

1
Q

What are antigens?

A

A molecule that stimulates an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Immunoglobulins (glycoprotein) produced by B-cells to bind to antigens to aid in their destruction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

specific types of immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 5 types of WBCs?

A
  1. Macrophages
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Basophils
  5. Heterophils (neutrophils in mammals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into “play” immediately or
within hours of challenge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the physical barriers of innate immunity?

A
  1. Mucociliary apparatus of the trachea
  2. SKIN!
  3. The GI tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

Antigen-specific immune response. More complex than innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the adaptive immune system work?

A

Antigen must be processed and recognized by the immune system. Body then creates antigen specific immune cells to fight them off. Memory cells are then created as a response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The mucociliary apparatus is apart of what immune system and what is its job?

A

Innate Immunity
Move particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the largest organ?

A

the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The superficial skin layer that is the first line of defense is called?

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TRUE or FALSE? All bacteria is harmful to the host.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The surface of the GI tract can be referred to as an ________.

A

ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the gut microbiome

A

Area of bacteria and films that able to colonize that area. unique to everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is the gut microbiome important for poultry research?

A

as fewer antibiotics are used and gut health is prioritized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are barriers at the surface of the intestines?

A
  1. Mucus
  2. Enterocytes
  3. Beneficial bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are tight junctions important?

A

Connects enterocytes together
Prevents molecules from getting through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two parts of adaptive immunity?

A
  1. Humoral Immunity
  2. Cell Mediated Immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antibodies are produced by what cells?

A

B cells
Bursa in birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antibodies respond to how many specific antigens?

A

ONE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many antibodies does the body have to make if an antibody can only respond to one antigen?

A

Millions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are antibodies found?

A

circulating throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the purpose of antibodies?

A

Bind to antigens coating the surface of various pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi) and marks these tagged cells for destruction
by the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where the do the first dosage of antibodies come from for the chicks?

A

Yolk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 2 pathways that antibodies are produced/aquired?
1. Created by B-lymphocytes 2. Produced by the hen: maternal antibodies (passive immunity) that are deposited into the yolk.
26
IgY
Main antibody in circulation and the “work horse” of the antibodies
27
IgM
First initial antibodies produced but have the shortest have life. First line of defense against septicemia
28
What is septicemia?
End of bacteria in the blood
29
IgA
SECRETORY antibodies that are released into biological fluids (mucus really common)
30
What is the antigen binding sight?
Area where the body will recognize the antigen
31
IgY half life?
4 days
32
IgM half life?
2 days (SHORTEST)
33
B lymphocytes produced in the ________ in chicks?
Bursa of Fabricius
34
Bursa of Fabricius is only present until?
Maturity, b cells then produced else where post maturity
35
B-cells then develop where?
spleen and bone marrow
36
B-cells circulate where?
circulate in the blood
37
Plasma cells are?
B-cells that produce large numbers of antibodies
38
HOW ARE ANTIBODIES GENERATED BY THE BIRD? (5 Steps)
1. Bird is exposed to a pathogen (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungus) 2. Antigen presenting cells (macrophages) “ingest” the pathogen. 3. Macrophages “digest” the pathogen. 4. Macrophages “present” antigen on their cell surface. 5. Helper T-lymphocytes and B-cells can then interact with macrophage and induce the B-cell to begin producing antibodies.
39
Macrophages do what?
"Eat" bacteria and break it up
40
What is the MCH II molecule?
Hand that is raised involved with antigen presentation
41
What are the 5 types of T cells?
1. CD4 Helper 2. CD4 Suppressor T Cells 3. CD8 Cytotoxic Killer Cells 4. Natural Killer Cells (NK) 5. Memory T Cells
42
*CD4 Helper T-cells do what?
Help activate B-cells to produce antibodies by interfacing with the macrophage
43
CD4 Suppressor T-cells do what?
Needed to stop an immune response
44
CD8 cytotoxic killer cells do what?
Special T-cells that directly kill cells that present the antigen they were made to “kill”
45
Natural Killer cells (NK) do what?
Important for viral clearance and killing cancer cells
46
*Memory T-cells do what?
Allows for a more rapid and robust immune response on subsequent exposure to a given antigen (pathogen)
47
Cell mediated immunity is not well developed in birds until when?
6 wks of age
48
Where do T cells come from?
Thymus
49
The thymus is only present until when?
Sexual maturity
50
What is passive immunity?
Antibodies going from hen to chick
51
Maternal antibodies are based on what?
the HEN IS VACCINATED FOR or has been EXPOSED to
52
What two immunoglobulins are passed from hen to chick? Why?
Only IgM and IgA Relatively short time that these antibodies are protected
53
How long do maternal antibodies last?
21 days
54
How long does it take for these antibodies to be made after antigen exposure? -IgM -IgY
1. After 2-3 days post antigen exposure 2. After 10-15 days post antigen exposure
55
Every time you are vaccinated what happens to the titer levels?
Spike
56
Why do you eventually have a stop to the titer increase as you vaccinate so many times?
The body can make only so many antibodies
57
TRUE or FALSE? The way the body protects against a given disease is always the same.
FALSE, not always the same
58
ILT immunity depends on
cell-mediated immunity
59
IBV immunity depends on
humoral immunity
60
Heterophils What are they? What are they for?
1. Most common circulating white blood cell 2. Find something eat it and destroy it
61
Eosinophils are important for?
Very important role in controlling parasites, and inducing allergies
62
Basophils play a role with?
Also have a role in allergic reactions

Avian Health (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions