LECTURE 13: Septicemic Disease of Poultry Flashcards
What is septicemia?
Waste in the blood
How is septicemia caused?
Systemic disease caused by spreading of bacteria and other organisms and or toxins in the blood stream
What is the pathway for how septicemia works?
- Portal of entry
- Acute disease (septicemia)
**Some survivors - Chronic disease (localized)
What are the 6 clinical signs of septicemic diseases?
- Rapid high mortality
- Neurological signs
- Fever/chilling
- Cyanosis (blue skin)
- Greenish diarrhea
- Anorexia (not eating nor drinking)
What are the 5 differentials for septicemia?
- AI
- NDV
- ILTV
- IBV
- Other bacteria
What are 4 gross lesions of septicemic diseases?
- Petechial/ecchymotic hemorrages
- Organomegaly
- Necrotic foci (Hepatitis)
- +/- Polyserositis
Organomegaly is what
Swollen organs (Splenomegaly/hepatomegaly)
E. coli is a _______.
Bacteria
What kind of bacteria is in e. coli?
Gram negative
Where is e coli present in chickens?
chickens intestines
E. coli is a ________ pathogen?
Secondary, needs something else to help cause the disease
What is the name for the primary pathogen for e. coli?
APEC
How is e. coli caused?
Immunosupression or poor management in poultry farms?
E. coli causes morbidity and mortality is _______ages.
ALL
What is the number 1 incidence and commercial economic loss?
E.coli
What do we call the cheesy film over the heart?
Pericarditis
What do we call the cheesy film over the liver?
Perihepatitis
What do we call the cheesy film over the air sacs?
Caseous airsacculitis
Omphalitis is what? What causes this?
Yolk sac infection, angry navel
What does IP stand for?
Infectious process
What is IP?
Condemned at the plant cellulitis and myositis secondary to skin trauma
What is IP not?
an infectious disease that spreads
How would you test for e. coli?
Swabs, grow e. coli
Can you use histopathology for e. coli testing?
Yes
How do you treat e. coli?
Antibiotics (broad spectrum - gram negative), some people use modified live e. coli vaccine
What is Pasteurella Multocida? (Avian Cholera)
Gram negative bacteria with bipolar staining
How long does avian cholera live in carcass?
3 mo but easily destroyed by disinfectants
What is the main route of pasteurella multocida?
Biological Vectors
What do you need to monitor to prevent pasteurella multocida?
Rodent control and contaminated water supply
pasteurella multocida affects birds at what ages?
all ages but more common in adult birds
pasteurella multocida what is the mechanism of transmission?
Horizontal transmission NOT VERTICAL
What are the mortality and morbidity of pasteurella multocida?
HIGH
What are things you see with acute FC?
- Rapidly mounting mortality
- Septicemia
- Cyanosis of comb and wattles
- Catarrhal nasal discharge and respiratory rales
What are things you see with chronic FC?
- Joint, wattles, and brain (cheesy brain)
- Subclinical carriers
What are clinical signs of pasteurella multocida?
- Cheesy lungs
- Sawdust liver
- abnormal position of head and neck
- Lethargy rapid death
What should you be mindful of if a grower thinks the flock has e. coli but mortality keeps rising?
Cholera
What are acute differentials for pasteurella multocida?
HPAI, vNDV
What are chronic differentials for pasteurella multocida?
Erysipelas, Coryza, MS
How do you sample and test for pasteurella multocida?
- Swabs for Molecular
- Bacterial Swabs
How can you rapidly test for pasteurella multocida?
PCR
Cholera is the ______.
Final confirmed diagnosis
How can you control pasteurella multocida?
- Biosecurity
- Varmints control
- Introduction of new birds
- Treatment with sulfonamides and antibiotics
- Vaccines
What is SRP?
New technology of modified live vaccines
What is Erysipelas?
Gram positive bacteria
Erysipelas is common for what sector?
Turkeys
Erysipelas has what kinds of vectors?
Biological and mechanical
Why does de snooding happen in turkeys?
When toms fight reduces risk of open wounds and bleeding
What is the route of infection?
Oral or via wound
Erysipelas is a _______ disease?
Zoonotic
What are the clinical signs of Erysipelas?
- Sudden onset depression preceding death
- Cyanosis of head
- Occasional swollen hock
How can you test for Erysipelas?
- Swabs for molecular PCR
- Bacterial swabs
What are the gross lesions of Erysipelas?
- Septicemia (big liver, big spleen)
- Petechial/ ecchymotic/ hemorrhages in muscles and heart
How do you diagnose and treat Erysipelas?
- Culture isolation ddx FC
- Rapid-acting penicillin + bacterin
- Recovered birds can develop chronic lesions
What is salmonella?
Gram negative bacteria primarily a disease of young birds?
What are the 2 species of salmonella?
S enterica and S bongori
What are host adapted non motile serovars of salmonella? What kind of transmission?
S. pullorum and s. gallinarum (hen to chick)
Vertical transmission
What is paratyphoid salmonella?
Food borne illness in people and causes asymptomatic colonization in the intestinal tract
Salmonella disease is normally present in birds when?
Post hatch
What is the transmission mechanism for salmonella?
Vertical transmission, external egg contamination
What are the clinical signs of salmonella?
- Water diarrhea
- Anorexia
- Navel ill and death in baby chicksn
Pullorum and Typhoid diseases are _______.
Reportable
What does pullorum disease do?
- White diarrhea
- Gray nodules in heart, lung, liver, and GI
- Transmitted in eggs
What does fowl typhoid do?
- Enlarged, Bronze, greenish tint
- Drop in production, misshapen ova in adults
What are signs of salmonella in young birds?
- Chicks with swollen abdomens
- Cheesy ceca (eraser ceca)
What are the 3 tests to run for salmonella?
- Blood
- Swabs for molecular
- Bacterial swab
When blood testing for salmonella was is a giveaway for positive birds?
Antibodies binding to antigen resulting in clumping
How do you diagnose salmonella?
Culture isolation, immunoassay, PCR +/- NGS, serology
How do you treat salmonella?
Antibiotics usually ineffective
Survivors = carriers and transmit to progeny (test and cull)
What are methods of control against salmonella?
Biosecurity, live vaccines (cell mediated), SE bacterins
Why are vaccines for salmonella given to bird?
For food safety
Staph is what kind of bacteria?
Gram positive cocci bacteria
Where do you find staph?
Skin wounds, infected navels, vaccine injections
If staph goes to following areas what results
1. Systemic
2. Footpads
3. Navel/yolk sac
4. Bone and joints
- septicemia
- bumble foot
- Navel yolk sac
- Bone and joints
What are the clinical signs of staph?
- Systemic infection
- Bumble foot
- Omphalitis
- Arthritis
How do you test for staph?
Histopathology and bacterial swabs
What are differentials for a staph infection?
E. coli
What causes cellulitis is meat birds and turkeys?
Variety main C. septicum
When do meat birds normally get hit with cellulitis?
Right before they go on the market
How does cellulitis happen?
- contaminated litter, soil, and feces
- environmental factors
- Immunosuppression
With cellulitis morbidity =
mortality
What are the clinical signs of gangrenous dermatitis?
- Septicemia
- Febrile, severe depression
- Birds decompose faster
- Dark red to purple to green
- Gas crepitus upon palpation
What is the diagnosis for gangrenous dermatitis?
Gross lesions, mortality, culture
What is the treatment for gangrenous dermatitis?
LT use of penicillin, bacitracin, CTC
What are methods of prevention and control for gangrenous dermatitis?
Control underlying immunosuppression
Minimize cannibalism, removes dead quick
Better housing conditions.
