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avian health > LECTURE 13: Septicemic Disease of Poultry > Flashcards

LECTURE 13: Septicemic Disease of Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What is septicemia?

A

Waste in the blood

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2
Q

How is septicemia caused?

A

Systemic disease caused by spreading of bacteria and other organisms and or toxins in the blood stream

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3
Q

What is the pathway for how septicemia works?

A
  1. Portal of entry
  2. Acute disease (septicemia)
    **Some survivors
  3. Chronic disease (localized)
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4
Q

What are the 6 clinical signs of septicemic diseases?

A
  1. Rapid high mortality
  2. Neurological signs
  3. Fever/chilling
  4. Cyanosis (blue skin)
  5. Greenish diarrhea
  6. Anorexia (not eating nor drinking)
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5
Q

What are the 5 differentials for septicemia?

A
  1. AI
  2. NDV
  3. ILTV
  4. IBV
  5. Other bacteria
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6
Q

What are 4 gross lesions of septicemic diseases?

A
  1. Petechial/ecchymotic hemorrages
  2. Organomegaly
  3. Necrotic foci (Hepatitis)
  4. +/- Polyserositis
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7
Q

Organomegaly is what

A

Swollen organs (Splenomegaly/hepatomegaly)

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8
Q

E. coli is a _______.

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

What kind of bacteria is in e. coli?

A

Gram negative

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10
Q

Where is e coli present in chickens?

A

chickens intestines

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11
Q

E. coli is a ________ pathogen?

A

Secondary, needs something else to help cause the disease

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12
Q

What is the name for the primary pathogen for e. coli?

A

APEC

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13
Q

How is e. coli caused?

A

Immunosupression or poor management in poultry farms?

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14
Q

E. coli causes morbidity and mortality is _______ages.

A

ALL

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15
Q

What is the number 1 incidence and commercial economic loss?

A

E.coli

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16
Q

What do we call the cheesy film over the heart?

A

Pericarditis

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17
Q

What do we call the cheesy film over the liver?

A

Perihepatitis

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18
Q

What do we call the cheesy film over the air sacs?

A

Caseous airsacculitis

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19
Q

Omphalitis is what? What causes this?

A

Yolk sac infection, angry navel

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20
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Infectious process

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21
Q

What is IP?

A

Condemned at the plant cellulitis and myositis secondary to skin trauma

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22
Q

What is IP not?

A

an infectious disease that spreads

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23
Q

How would you test for e. coli?

A

Swabs, grow e. coli

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24
Q

Can you use histopathology for e. coli testing?

A

Yes

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25
Q

How do you treat e. coli?

A

Antibiotics (broad spectrum - gram negative), some people use modified live e. coli vaccine

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26
Q

What is Pasteurella Multocida? (Avian Cholera)

A

Gram negative bacteria with bipolar staining

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27
Q

How long does avian cholera live in carcass?

A

3 mo but easily destroyed by disinfectants

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28
Q

What is the main route of pasteurella multocida?

A

Biological Vectors

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29
Q

What do you need to monitor to prevent pasteurella multocida?

A

Rodent control and contaminated water supply

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30
Q

pasteurella multocida affects birds at what ages?

A

all ages but more common in adult birds

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31
Q

pasteurella multocida what is the mechanism of transmission?

A

Horizontal transmission NOT VERTICAL

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32
Q

What are the mortality and morbidity of pasteurella multocida?

A

HIGH

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33
Q

What are things you see with acute FC?

A
  1. Rapidly mounting mortality
  2. Septicemia
  3. Cyanosis of comb and wattles
  4. Catarrhal nasal discharge and respiratory rales
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34
Q

What are things you see with chronic FC?

A
  1. Joint, wattles, and brain (cheesy brain)
  2. Subclinical carriers
35
Q

What are clinical signs of pasteurella multocida?

A
  1. Cheesy lungs
  2. Sawdust liver
  3. abnormal position of head and neck
  4. Lethargy rapid death
36
Q

What should you be mindful of if a grower thinks the flock has e. coli but mortality keeps rising?

A

Cholera

37
Q

What are acute differentials for pasteurella multocida?

A

HPAI, vNDV

38
Q

What are chronic differentials for pasteurella multocida?

A

Erysipelas, Coryza, MS

39
Q

How do you sample and test for pasteurella multocida?

A
  1. Swabs for Molecular
  2. Bacterial Swabs
40
Q

How can you rapidly test for pasteurella multocida?

A

PCR

41
Q

Cholera is the ______.

A

Final confirmed diagnosis

42
Q

How can you control pasteurella multocida?

A
  1. Biosecurity
  2. Varmints control
  3. Introduction of new birds
  4. Treatment with sulfonamides and antibiotics
  5. Vaccines
43
Q

What is SRP?

A

New technology of modified live vaccines

44
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

Gram positive bacteria

45
Q

Erysipelas is common for what sector?

A

Turkeys

46
Q

Erysipelas has what kinds of vectors?

A

Biological and mechanical

46
Q

Why does de snooding happen in turkeys?

A

When toms fight reduces risk of open wounds and bleeding

47
Q

What is the route of infection?

A

Oral or via wound

48
Q

Erysipelas is a _______ disease?

A

Zoonotic

49
Q

What are the clinical signs of Erysipelas?

A
  1. Sudden onset depression preceding death
  2. Cyanosis of head
  3. Occasional swollen hock
50
Q

How can you test for Erysipelas?

A
  1. Swabs for molecular PCR
  2. Bacterial swabs
51
Q

What are the gross lesions of Erysipelas?

A
  1. Septicemia (big liver, big spleen)
  2. Petechial/ ecchymotic/ hemorrhages in muscles and heart
52
Q

How do you diagnose and treat Erysipelas?

A
  1. Culture isolation ddx FC
  2. Rapid-acting penicillin + bacterin
  3. Recovered birds can develop chronic lesions
53
Q

What is salmonella?

A

Gram negative bacteria primarily a disease of young birds?

54
Q

What are the 2 species of salmonella?

A

S enterica and S bongori

55
Q

What are host adapted non motile serovars of salmonella? What kind of transmission?

A

S. pullorum and s. gallinarum (hen to chick)
Vertical transmission

56
Q

What is paratyphoid salmonella?

A

Food borne illness in people and causes asymptomatic colonization in the intestinal tract

57
Q

Salmonella disease is normally present in birds when?

A

Post hatch

58
Q

What is the transmission mechanism for salmonella?

A

Vertical transmission, external egg contamination

59
Q

What are the clinical signs of salmonella?

A
  1. Water diarrhea
  2. Anorexia
  3. Navel ill and death in baby chicksn
60
Q

Pullorum and Typhoid diseases are _______.

A

Reportable

61
Q

What does pullorum disease do?

A
  1. White diarrhea
  2. Gray nodules in heart, lung, liver, and GI
  3. Transmitted in eggs
62
Q

What does fowl typhoid do?

A
  1. Enlarged, Bronze, greenish tint
  2. Drop in production, misshapen ova in adults
63
Q

What are signs of salmonella in young birds?

A
  1. Chicks with swollen abdomens
  2. Cheesy ceca (eraser ceca)
64
Q

What are the 3 tests to run for salmonella?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Swabs for molecular
  3. Bacterial swab
65
Q

When blood testing for salmonella was is a giveaway for positive birds?

A

Antibodies binding to antigen resulting in clumping

66
Q

How do you diagnose salmonella?

A

Culture isolation, immunoassay, PCR +/- NGS, serology

67
Q

How do you treat salmonella?

A

Antibiotics usually ineffective
Survivors = carriers and transmit to progeny (test and cull)

68
Q

What are methods of control against salmonella?

A

Biosecurity, live vaccines (cell mediated), SE bacterins

69
Q

Why are vaccines for salmonella given to bird?

A

For food safety

70
Q

Staph is what kind of bacteria?

A

Gram positive cocci bacteria

71
Q

Where do you find staph?

A

Skin wounds, infected navels, vaccine injections

72
Q

If staph goes to following areas what results
1. Systemic
2. Footpads
3. Navel/yolk sac
4. Bone and joints

A
  1. septicemia
  2. bumble foot
  3. Navel yolk sac
  4. Bone and joints
73
Q

What are the clinical signs of staph?

A
  1. Systemic infection
  2. Bumble foot
  3. Omphalitis
  4. Arthritis
74
Q

How do you test for staph?

A

Histopathology and bacterial swabs

75
Q

What are differentials for a staph infection?

A

E. coli

76
Q

What causes cellulitis is meat birds and turkeys?

A

Variety main C. septicum

77
Q

When do meat birds normally get hit with cellulitis?

A

Right before they go on the market

78
Q

How does cellulitis happen?

A
  1. contaminated litter, soil, and feces
  2. environmental factors
  3. Immunosuppression
79
Q

With cellulitis morbidity =

A

mortality

80
Q

What are the clinical signs of gangrenous dermatitis?

A
  1. Septicemia
  2. Febrile, severe depression
  3. Birds decompose faster
  4. Dark red to purple to green
  5. Gas crepitus upon palpation
81
Q

What is the diagnosis for gangrenous dermatitis?

A

Gross lesions, mortality, culture

82
Q

What is the treatment for gangrenous dermatitis?

A

LT use of penicillin, bacitracin, CTC

83
Q

What are methods of prevention and control for gangrenous dermatitis?

A

Control underlying immunosuppression
Minimize cannibalism, removes dead quick
Better housing conditions.

avian health (23 decks)

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