LECTURE 13: Septicemic Disease of Poultry Flashcards
1
Q
What is septicemia?
A
Waste in the blood
2
Q
How is septicemia caused?
A
Systemic disease caused by spreading of bacteria and other organisms and or toxins in the blood stream
3
Q
What is the pathway for how septicemia works?
A
- Portal of entry
- Acute disease (septicemia)
**Some survivors - Chronic disease (localized)
4
Q
What are the 6 clinical signs of septicemic diseases?
A
- Rapid high mortality
- Neurological signs
- Fever/chilling
- Cyanosis (blue skin)
- Greenish diarrhea
- Anorexia (not eating nor drinking)
5
Q
What are the 5 differentials for septicemia?
A
- AI
- NDV
- ILTV
- IBV
- Other bacteria
6
Q
What are 4 gross lesions of septicemic diseases?
A
- Petechial/ecchymotic hemorrages
- Organomegaly
- Necrotic foci (Hepatitis)
- +/- Polyserositis
7
Q
Organomegaly is what
A
Swollen organs (Splenomegaly/hepatomegaly)
8
Q
E. coli is a _______.
A
Bacteria
9
Q
What kind of bacteria is in e. coli?
A
Gram negative
10
Q
Where is e coli present in chickens?
A
chickens intestines
11
Q
E. coli is a ________ pathogen?
A
Secondary, needs something else to help cause the disease
12
Q
What is the name for the primary pathogen for e. coli?
A
APEC
13
Q
How is e. coli caused?
A
Immunosupression or poor management in poultry farms?
14
Q
E. coli causes morbidity and mortality is _______ages.
A
ALL
15
Q
What is the number 1 incidence and commercial economic loss?
A
E.coli
16
Q
What do we call the cheesy film over the heart?
A
Pericarditis
17
Q
What do we call the cheesy film over the liver?
A
Perihepatitis
18
Q
What do we call the cheesy film over the air sacs?
A
Caseous airsacculitis
19
Q
Omphalitis is what? What causes this?
A
Yolk sac infection, angry navel
20
Q
What does IP stand for?
A
Infectious process
21
Q
What is IP?
A
Condemned at the plant cellulitis and myositis secondary to skin trauma
22
Q
What is IP not?
A
an infectious disease that spreads
23
Q
How would you test for e. coli?
A
Swabs, grow e. coli
24
Q
Can you use histopathology for e. coli testing?
A
Yes
25
How do you treat e. coli?
Antibiotics (broad spectrum - gram negative), some people use modified live e. coli vaccine
26
What is Pasteurella Multocida? (Avian Cholera)
Gram negative bacteria with bipolar staining
27
How long does avian cholera live in carcass?
3 mo but easily destroyed by disinfectants
28
What is the main route of pasteurella multocida?
Biological Vectors
29
What do you need to monitor to prevent pasteurella multocida?
Rodent control and contaminated water supply
30
pasteurella multocida affects birds at what ages?
all ages but more common in adult birds
31
pasteurella multocida what is the mechanism of transmission?
Horizontal transmission NOT VERTICAL
32
What are the mortality and morbidity of pasteurella multocida?
HIGH
33
What are things you see with acute FC?
1. Rapidly mounting mortality
2. Septicemia
3. Cyanosis of comb and wattles
4. Catarrhal nasal discharge and respiratory rales
34
What are things you see with chronic FC?
1. Joint, wattles, and brain (cheesy brain)
2. Subclinical carriers
35
What are clinical signs of pasteurella multocida?
1. Cheesy lungs
2. Sawdust liver
3. abnormal position of head and neck
4. Lethargy rapid death
36
What should you be mindful of if a grower thinks the flock has e. coli but mortality keeps rising?
Cholera
37
What are acute differentials for pasteurella multocida?
HPAI, vNDV
38
What are chronic differentials for pasteurella multocida?
Erysipelas, Coryza, MS
39
How do you sample and test for pasteurella multocida?
1. Swabs for Molecular
2. Bacterial Swabs
40
How can you rapidly test for pasteurella multocida?
PCR
41
Cholera is the ______.
Final confirmed diagnosis
42
How can you control pasteurella multocida?
1. Biosecurity
2. Varmints control
3. Introduction of new birds
4. Treatment with sulfonamides and antibiotics
5. Vaccines
43
What is SRP?
New technology of modified live vaccines
44
What is Erysipelas?
Gram positive bacteria
45
Erysipelas is common for what sector?
Turkeys
46
Erysipelas has what kinds of vectors?
Biological and mechanical
46
Why does de snooding happen in turkeys?
When toms fight reduces risk of open wounds and bleeding
47
What is the route of infection?
Oral or via wound
48
Erysipelas is a _______ disease?
Zoonotic
49
What are the clinical signs of Erysipelas?
1. Sudden onset depression preceding death
2. Cyanosis of head
3. Occasional swollen hock
50
How can you test for Erysipelas?
1. Swabs for molecular PCR
2. Bacterial swabs
51
What are the gross lesions of Erysipelas?
1. Septicemia (big liver, big spleen)
2. Petechial/ ecchymotic/ hemorrhages in muscles and heart
52
How do you diagnose and treat Erysipelas?
1. Culture isolation ddx FC
2. Rapid-acting penicillin + bacterin
3. Recovered birds can develop chronic lesions
53
What is salmonella?
Gram negative bacteria primarily a disease of young birds?
54
What are the 2 species of salmonella?
S enterica and S bongori
55
What are host adapted non motile serovars of salmonella? What kind of transmission?
S. pullorum and s. gallinarum (hen to chick)
Vertical transmission
56
What is paratyphoid salmonella?
Food borne illness in people and causes asymptomatic colonization in the intestinal tract
57
Salmonella disease is normally present in birds when?
Post hatch
58
What is the transmission mechanism for salmonella?
Vertical transmission, external egg contamination
59
What are the clinical signs of salmonella?
1. Water diarrhea
2. Anorexia
3. Navel ill and death in baby chicksn
60
Pullorum and Typhoid diseases are _______.
Reportable
61
What does pullorum disease do?
1. White diarrhea
2. Gray nodules in heart, lung, liver, and GI
3. Transmitted in eggs
62
What does fowl typhoid do?
1. Enlarged, Bronze, greenish tint
2. Drop in production, misshapen ova in adults
63
What are signs of salmonella in young birds?
1. Chicks with swollen abdomens
2. Cheesy ceca (eraser ceca)
64
What are the 3 tests to run for salmonella?
1. Blood
2. Swabs for molecular
3. Bacterial swab
65
When blood testing for salmonella was is a giveaway for positive birds?
Antibodies binding to antigen resulting in clumping
66
How do you diagnose salmonella?
Culture isolation, immunoassay, PCR +/- NGS, serology
67
How do you treat salmonella?
Antibiotics usually ineffective
Survivors = carriers and transmit to progeny (test and cull)
68
What are methods of control against salmonella?
Biosecurity, live vaccines (cell mediated), SE bacterins
69
Why are vaccines for salmonella given to bird?
For food safety
70
Staph is what kind of bacteria?
Gram positive cocci bacteria
71
Where do you find staph?
Skin wounds, infected navels, vaccine injections
72
If staph goes to following areas what results
1. Systemic
2. Footpads
3. Navel/yolk sac
4. Bone and joints
1. septicemia
2. bumble foot
3. Navel yolk sac
4. Bone and joints
73
What are the clinical signs of staph?
1. Systemic infection
2. Bumble foot
3. Omphalitis
4. Arthritis
74
How do you test for staph?
Histopathology and bacterial swabs
75
What are differentials for a staph infection?
E. coli
76
What causes cellulitis is meat birds and turkeys?
Variety main C. septicum
77
When do meat birds normally get hit with cellulitis?
Right before they go on the market
78
How does cellulitis happen?
1. contaminated litter, soil, and feces
2. environmental factors
3. Immunosuppression
79
With cellulitis morbidity =
mortality
80
What are the clinical signs of gangrenous dermatitis?
1. Septicemia
2. Febrile, severe depression
3. Birds decompose faster
4. Dark red to purple to green
5. Gas crepitus upon palpation
81
What is the diagnosis for gangrenous dermatitis?
Gross lesions, mortality, culture
82
What is the treatment for gangrenous dermatitis?
LT use of penicillin, bacitracin, CTC
83
What are methods of prevention and control for gangrenous dermatitis?
Control underlying immunosuppression
Minimize cannibalism, removes dead quick
Better housing conditions.
