LECTURE 17: Digestive Diseases

Question 1

What are clinical signs of digestive diseases?

Answer 1

1. Diarrhea and abnormal stool
2. Dehydration/dry, dark membranes
3. Droopy wings, ruffled
4. Loud vocalization

Question 2

What are some sub clinical signs of digestive diseases?

Answer 2

1. Poor absorption
2. Weight gain
3. Feed efficiency due to chronic GI damage

Question 3

What are gross lesions of digestive disease?

Answer 3

1. Enteritis
2. Swollen enlarged intestines
3. Thinning/thickening of intestinal walls
4. Caseous/fibrinous membranes
5. Dry, dark tacky memrbanes

Question 4

What are testing methods for digestive diseases?

Answer 4

1. Histopathology
2. Bacterial Swabs
3. Gut Scrapings
4. Fecal Examinations

Question 5

What is coccidiosis?

Answer 5

Species specific parasite

Question 6

How many pathogenic types of cocci are there?

Answer 6

7

Question 7

What are the 3 types of cocci that cause the most disease issues? What is the immunity like for these?

Answer 7

1. Eimeria tenella
2. Eimeria maxima
3. Eimeria acervulina

*Specific immunity for each and not one immunity for all

Question 8

What is the life cycle of cocci?

Answer 8

1. Bird ingests cocci
2. Goes through the bird and out through feces
3. Next bird eats feces

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of the digestive system where cocci occurs and what type in each?

Answer 9

1. Duodenum - acervulina
2. Small Intestine - maxima
3. Ceca - tenella
   (alphabet)

Question 10

E. acervulina can be described as…

Answer 10

Moderately pathogenic

Question 11

acervulina occurs in what age of birds

Answer 11

Older

Question 12

What does acervulina look like on the intestine

Answer 12

White to gray striations

Question 13

E. maxima can be described as…..

Answer 13

moderately pathogenic

Question 14

What does maxima look like?

Answer 14

Huge oocysts, huge intestines, usually really bloody

Question 15

tenella can be described as……

Answer 15

Severely pathogenic

Question 16

What does tenella look like in the GI tract?

Answer 16

Inflammation of the ceca (typhiltis) and caseous cecal cores

Question 17

cocci is known as a _______ disease?

Answer 17

Self limiting

Question 18

What are the main means of testing for cocci?

Answer 18

1. Histopathology
2. Gut scrapings
3. Fecal examinations

Question 19

What is the timeline for a cocci outbreak?

Answer 19

3-8 wks

Question 20

How can cocci be monitored?

Answer 20

1. Lesion scoring
2. Oocyst counts

Question 21

What are the 2 ways to control cocci?

Answer 21

1. Vaccination
2. Chemicals

Question 22

What is 1 way you can prevent cocci?

Answer 22

Management

Question 23

Cocci vaccination are…..

Answer 23

Live attenuated

Question 24

What are different cocci drugs?

Answer 24

1. Ionophores (imbalance of sodium and potassium - leaky)
2. Synthetic chemicals

Question 25

When are cocci vaccines given?

Answer 25

Hatchery

Question 26

What is the only option for prevention for organic flocks?

Answer 26

Vaccination and natural immunity

Question 27

What can barn management do for cocci control?

Answer 27

1. Vaccination 2. Bird Density 3. Brooder and Grow out management 4. Sanitation 5. Litter management

Question 28

What is necrotic enteritis?

Answer 28

Bacterial infection

Question 29

What type of clostridium proliferates in the lower small intestine?

Answer 29

Type G

Question 30

What are predisposing factors of necrotic enteritis?

Answer 30

High levels of small grains, sub clinical or clinical cocci

Question 31

What does necrotic enteritis cause?

Answer 31

massive intravascular hemolysis and capillary damage

Question 32

What are clinical signs of necrotic enteritis?

Answer 32

Sudden death in well fleshed birds Ataxia Small intestines are thin

Question 33

What are differentials to necrotic enteritis?

Answer 33

coccidiosis, septicemic diseases

Question 34

What are means of sampling for necrotic enteritis?

Answer 34

1. Histopathology 2. Gut scrapings 3. Fecal exam

Question 35

How do you treat necrotic enteritis?

Answer 35

Tx by antibiotics in feed and water

Question 36

What is ulcerative enteritis?

Answer 36

Quail disease

Question 37

What does ulcerative enteritis cause?

Answer 37

ulcers

Question 38

What is the transmission of quail disease?

Answer 38

Ingestion of contaminated feed, water, or litter

Question 39

What are gross lesions of quail disease?

Answer 39

1. Ulcers in small intestines and ceca, yellow focal necrotic areas in the liver

Question 40

What are the means of sampling for quail disease?

Answer 40

1. Histopathology 2. Gut scrapings 3. Fecal exam