LECTURE 17: Digestive Diseases Flashcards
What are clinical signs of digestive diseases?
- Diarrhea and abnormal stool
- Dehydration/dry, dark membranes
- Droopy wings, ruffled
- Loud vocalization
What are some sub clinical signs of digestive diseases?
- Poor absorption
- Weight gain
- Feed efficiency due to chronic GI damage
What are gross lesions of digestive disease?
- Enteritis
- Swollen enlarged intestines
- Thinning/thickening of intestinal walls
- Caseous/fibrinous membranes
- Dry, dark tacky memrbanes
What are testing methods for digestive diseases?
- Histopathology
- Bacterial Swabs
- Gut Scrapings
- Fecal Examinations
What is coccidiosis?
Species specific parasite
How many pathogenic types of cocci are there?
7
What are the 3 types of cocci that cause the most disease issues? What is the immunity like for these?
- Eimeria tenella
- Eimeria maxima
- Eimeria acervulina
*Specific immunity for each and not one immunity for all
What is the life cycle of cocci?
- Bird ingests cocci
- Goes through the bird and out through feces
- Next bird eats feces
What are the 3 parts of the digestive system where cocci occurs and what type in each?
- Duodenum - acervulina
- Small Intestine - maxima
- Ceca - tenella
(alphabet)
E. acervulina can be described as…
Moderately pathogenic
acervulina occurs in what age of birds
Older
What does acervulina look like on the intestine
White to gray striations
E. maxima can be described as…..
moderately pathogenic
What does maxima look like?
Huge oocysts, huge intestines, usually really bloody
tenella can be described as……
Severely pathogenic
What does tenella look like in the GI tract?
Inflammation of the ceca (typhiltis) and caseous cecal cores
cocci is known as a _______ disease?
Self limiting
What are the main means of testing for cocci?
- Histopathology
- Gut scrapings
- Fecal examinations
What is the timeline for a cocci outbreak?
3-8 wks
How can cocci be monitored?
- Lesion scoring
- Oocyst counts
What are the 2 ways to control cocci?
- Vaccination
- Chemicals
What is 1 way you can prevent cocci?
Management
Cocci vaccination are…..
Live attenuated
What are different cocci drugs?
- Ionophores (imbalance of sodium and potassium - leaky)
- Synthetic chemicals
When are cocci vaccines given?
Hatchery
What is the only option for prevention for organic flocks?
Vaccination and natural immunity
What can barn management do for cocci control?
- Vaccination
- Bird Density
- Brooder and Grow out management
- Sanitation
- Litter management
What is necrotic enteritis?
Bacterial infection
What type of clostridium proliferates in the lower small intestine?
Type G
What are predisposing factors of necrotic enteritis?
High levels of small grains, sub clinical or clinical cocci
What does necrotic enteritis cause?
massive intravascular hemolysis and capillary damage
What are clinical signs of necrotic enteritis?
Sudden death in well fleshed birds
Ataxia
Small intestines are thin
What are differentials to necrotic enteritis?
coccidiosis, septicemic diseases
What are means of sampling for necrotic enteritis?
- Histopathology
- Gut scrapings
- Fecal exam
How do you treat necrotic enteritis?
Tx by antibiotics in feed and water
What is ulcerative enteritis?
Quail disease
What does ulcerative enteritis cause?
ulcers
What is the transmission of quail disease?
Ingestion of contaminated feed, water, or litter
What are gross lesions of quail disease?
- Ulcers in small intestines and ceca, yellow focal necrotic areas in the liver
What are the means of sampling for quail disease?
- Histopathology
- Gut scrapings
- Fecal exam
