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Avian Health > LECTURE 17: Digestive Diseases > Flashcards

LECTURE 17: Digestive Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical signs of digestive diseases?

A
  1. Diarrhea and abnormal stool
  2. Dehydration/dry, dark membranes
  3. Droopy wings, ruffled
  4. Loud vocalization
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2
Q

What are some sub clinical signs of digestive diseases?

A
  1. Poor absorption
  2. Weight gain
  3. Feed efficiency due to chronic GI damage
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3
Q

What are gross lesions of digestive disease?

A
  1. Enteritis
  2. Swollen enlarged intestines
  3. Thinning/thickening of intestinal walls
  4. Caseous/fibrinous membranes
  5. Dry, dark tacky memrbanes
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4
Q

What are testing methods for digestive diseases?

A
  1. Histopathology
  2. Bacterial Swabs
  3. Gut Scrapings
  4. Fecal Examinations
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5
Q

What is coccidiosis?

A

Species specific parasite

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6
Q

How many pathogenic types of cocci are there?

A

7

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of cocci that cause the most disease issues? What is the immunity like for these?

A
  1. Eimeria tenella
  2. Eimeria maxima
  3. Eimeria acervulina

*Specific immunity for each and not one immunity for all

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of cocci?

A
  1. Bird ingests cocci
  2. Goes through the bird and out through feces
  3. Next bird eats feces
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9
Q

What are the 3 parts of the digestive system where cocci occurs and what type in each?

A
  1. Duodenum - acervulina
  2. Small Intestine - maxima
  3. Ceca - tenella
    (alphabet)
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10
Q

E. acervulina can be described as…

A

Moderately pathogenic

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11
Q

acervulina occurs in what age of birds

A

Older

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12
Q

What does acervulina look like on the intestine

A

White to gray striations

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13
Q

E. maxima can be described as…..

A

moderately pathogenic

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14
Q

What does maxima look like?

A

Huge oocysts, huge intestines, usually really bloody

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15
Q

tenella can be described as……

A

Severely pathogenic

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16
Q

What does tenella look like in the GI tract?

A

Inflammation of the ceca (typhiltis) and caseous cecal cores

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17
Q

cocci is known as a _______ disease?

A

Self limiting

18
Q

What are the main means of testing for cocci?

A
  1. Histopathology
  2. Gut scrapings
  3. Fecal examinations
19
Q

What is the timeline for a cocci outbreak?

20
Q

How can cocci be monitored?

A
  1. Lesion scoring
  2. Oocyst counts
21
Q

What are the 2 ways to control cocci?

A
  1. Vaccination
  2. Chemicals
22
Q

What is 1 way you can prevent cocci?

A

Management

23
Q

Cocci vaccination are…..

A

Live attenuated

24
Q

What are different cocci drugs?

A
  1. Ionophores (imbalance of sodium and potassium - leaky)
  2. Synthetic chemicals
25
Q

When are cocci vaccines given?

26
Q

What is the only option for prevention for organic flocks?

A

Vaccination and natural immunity

27
Q

What can barn management do for cocci control?

A
  1. Vaccination
  2. Bird Density
  3. Brooder and Grow out management
  4. Sanitation
  5. Litter management
28
Q

What is necrotic enteritis?

A

Bacterial infection

29
Q

What type of clostridium proliferates in the lower small intestine?

30
Q

What are predisposing factors of necrotic enteritis?

A

High levels of small grains, sub clinical or clinical cocci

31
Q

What does necrotic enteritis cause?

A

massive intravascular hemolysis and capillary damage

32
Q

What are clinical signs of necrotic enteritis?

A

Sudden death in well fleshed birds
Ataxia
Small intestines are thin

33
Q

What are differentials to necrotic enteritis?

A

coccidiosis, septicemic diseases

34
Q

What are means of sampling for necrotic enteritis?

A
  1. Histopathology
  2. Gut scrapings
  3. Fecal exam
35
Q

How do you treat necrotic enteritis?

A

Tx by antibiotics in feed and water

36
Q

What is ulcerative enteritis?

A

Quail disease

37
Q

What does ulcerative enteritis cause?

38
Q

What is the transmission of quail disease?

A

Ingestion of contaminated feed, water, or litter

39
Q

What are gross lesions of quail disease?

A
  1. Ulcers in small intestines and ceca, yellow focal necrotic areas in the liver
40
Q

What are the means of sampling for quail disease?

A
  1. Histopathology
  2. Gut scrapings
  3. Fecal exam

Avian Health (23 decks)

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