Lecture 4- Mood Disorders Flashcards
Syndrome
Regular coexistence of symptoms
DSM Disorder Criteria
Syndrome, loss of function, time course, no better explination
Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms
Need 5+ and 1 *
Depressed mood*
Loss of interest or pleasure*
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Poor concentration or indecisiveness
Suicidal ideation
Major Depressive Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other functions
5+ symptoms
Symptoms last for at least 2 weeks
Depression Throughout Development
Infancy- Anaclitic Depression- Apathetic and lack of expression
Toddler (1-2)- Aggression, hyperactive
Preschoolers- Irritable, social withdrawal
School age- Withdrawal, avoid play, not talking with family, negative beliefs about the world
Adolescents-
12- Pessimistic, sleep problems, decreased appetitie
17- Nightmares, suicidal ideation
Abraham-Freud Model of Depression
Aggression turned inward becomes depression; Loss of self esteem
Object-Loss Model
Spitz and Bowlby
Separation and disruption of attachment bonds
Insecure caretaker relationship or atmosphere without love
Negative Cognitive Triad
Beck
Negative views of self, past, and future
Worthlessness, helplessness, and hoplessness
Learned Helplessness
Seligman
False belief that actions have no impact on life events
Loss of Reinforcement
Lazarus and Lewinsohn
Lack of positive reinforcements will cause depression
Biological Model of Depression
Genetic factors and neurophysical theories
Intrinsic factors
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Passage of electrical current through brain to create artificial Grand-Mal seizure for treatment-resistant depression
ECT Procedure
2 electrodes placed on scalp (both RH) and current passed between them in 1 second intervals until seizure is confirmed and lasts for 30s-1min
Patient is unconscious, paralyzed, and closely monitored
2-3 sessions per week for 6-12 sessions
ECT Indications
Treatment resistance severe depression
Delusions, insomnia, loss of appetite, total loss of pleasure
ECT Risks
Reaction to anesthesia, cardiac arrest, further seizures or brain damage
Risk worsening depression or suicide without treatment
Post Partum Depression
Non-psychotic depressive episode that begins prior to or after delivery and continues into post-partum period
Based on MDD criteria, only needs to last 1 week
Postpartum risk factors
Hormonal changes after birth
Low income and social supports
Poor caretaker relationships
History of mood disorders
Postpartum treatments
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Antidepressants (Tricyclic and SSRI)
Postpartum Blues
Less severe and more common postpartum depression that is benign and short-lived
Post partum psychosis
Severe and rare disorder with sudden onset and rapid depressive and psychotic symptoms
Postpartum Disorders Prevalence Rates
Postpartum blues- 30-75%
Postpartum depression- 13%
Postpartum Psychosis- <1%
Manic Episode Symptoms
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Decreased sleep
Pressure speech or more talkative
Racing thoughts
Distractibility
Goal-directed activity
Pleasurable activities with consequences
Manic Episode Criteria
3+ symptoms
Distress or impairment
Time course (Mania- 1+ week; Hypomania- 4+ days)
Bipolar I
1+ manic episodes present
