Chapter 8- Eating and Sleep Wake

Question 1

Binge-Eating

Answer 1

Brief episode of uncontrolled, excessive consumption of food or alcohol

Question 2

Purging methods

Answer 2

Vomiting, diuretics, laxatives, and enemas

Question 3

Amenorrhea

Answer 3

Lack of menstruation

Question 4

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 4

Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors while maintaining normal weight
Two types- Purging and non-purging
Self-worth is tied to weight and appearance
High anxiety and mood comorbidities

Question 5

Bulimia consequences

Answer 5

Enlarged salivary glands
Erode enamel
Tear esophagus
electrolyte imbalances

Question 6

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 6

Intense fear of obesity and gaining weight that results in dramatic weight loss and low body weight with disturbed body image
Two types- Restrictive and purging
Associated with depression, anxiety, OCD, and substance abuse

Question 7

Anorexia Consequences

Answer 7

Amenorrhea, dry skin, brittle hair and nails, cold sensitivity
Lanugo- Hair on limbs and cheeks
Cardiovascular problems

Question 8

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 8

Distress from binge-eating without compensatory behavior
Concern about weight and appearance

Question 9

Eating Disorder Statistics

Answer 9

Majority women, onset in adolescence
Men have more binge-eating
Chronic conditions
Associated with western beauty standards and developmental changes

Question 10

Social Dimensions of Eating Disorders

Answer 10

Buying into beauty standards
Women- Thinness
Men- Big and muscular
Dieting
Family and direct societal pressures
Preoccupation with food

Question 11

Biological Dimensions of Eating Disorders

Answer 11

Some genetic factors
Hypothalamus and Serotonin System
Hormone levels with menstruation
Serves to maintain disorder rather than cause

Question 12

Psychological Dimensions of Eating Disorders

Answer 12

Associated with low confidence and self esteem
Associated with high perfectionism and poor coping
Preoccupied with perception

Question 13

Eating Disorder Treatment

Answer 13

Use Cognitive Therapy to restore healthy weight followed by education about consequences of disorder and treatment of dysfunctional thoughts about body and self worth

Question 14

Prevention of Eating Disorders

Answer 14

Target negative behaviors to change before disorder develops

Question 15

Obesity

Answer 15

BMI of over 30
Not eating disorder
Associated with increased mortality

Question 16

Disordered Eating Patterns

Answer 16

Binge-eating
Night eating syndrome

Question 17

Night eating syndrome

Answer 17

Third of daily food intake is after evening meal and get out of bed to snack; Do not usually eat breakfast

Question 18

Causes of obesity

Answer 18

Modernization- High caloric foods with sedentary lifestyle
Mediated by genetics, physiology, and personality

Question 19

Obesity Treatments

Answer 19

1) Self-directed weight loss
2) Commercially directed weight loss
3) Professionally directed behavior modification programs
Other:
Appetite restricting drugs
Bariatric Surgery

Question 20

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep

Answer 20

Dreams occur but no bodily activity

Question 21

Dyssomnias

Answer 21

Trouble in getting to bed and quality of sleep

Question 22

Parasomnias

Answer 22

Abnormal behavioral and physiological events during sleep

Question 23

Polysomnographic (PSG) Evaluation

Answer 23

Sleep assessment with variety of measures
Electroencephalogram (EEG)- Measure brain waves
Electrooculogram- Measure eye movements
Electromyogram- Measure muscle movements
Electrocardiogram (EKG)- Measure heart rhythm

Question 24

Actigraph

Answer 24

Record arm movement during sleep

Question 25

Sleep Efficiency

Answer 25

Percentage of time actually spent asleep out of time trying to sleep

Question 26

Microsleeps

Answer 26

Seconds-long periods of sleep in sleep deprived patients

Question 27

Insomnia Disorder

Answer 27

Lack of sleep that interferes with functioning

Question 28

Primary insomnia

Answer 28

Difficulty initiating, maintaining, or gaining from sleep Causes- Sleep apnea, periodic limb movement disorder, and sleep stress

Question 29

Sleep Apnea

Answer 29

Obstructed nighttime breathing

Question 30

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Answer 30

Excessive jerky leg movements

Question 31

Sleep Stress

Answer 31

Events that negatively impact sleep

Question 32

Rebound insomnia

Answer 32

Worsened sleep quality after cessation of sleeping medications

Question 33

Hypersomnolence Disorders

Answer 33

Disorders of excessive sleep

Question 34

Narcolepsy

Answer 34

Sudden and irresistible sleep attacks

Question 35

Cataplexy

Answer 35

Sudden loss of muscle tone

Question 36

Sleep paralysis

Answer 36

Inability to move or speak upon waking

Question 37

Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Answer 37

Vivid, terrifying experience at start of sleep with tactile sensations

Question 38

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

Answer 38

Excessive sleepiness or insomnia caused by a breathing problem

Question 39

Hypoventilation

Answer 39

Labored breathing

Question 40

Sleep attacks

Answer 40

Falling asleep during the day without resting

Question 41

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 41

Airflow stops but respiratory system continues

Question 42

Central sleep apnea

Answer 42

Respiratory system completely stops

Question 43

Suprachiasmic Nucleus

Answer 43

Brain area in hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm

Question 44

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Answer 44

Sleep disturbances caused by an inability to synch sleep patterns to day-night cycle

Question 45

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Examples

Answer 45

Jet lag Shift-work Delayed sleep phase- "Night owls" Advanced sleep phase Irregular sleep-wake type- Wildly varied sleep schedule Non-24 hour type

Question 46

Melatonin

Answer 46

Hormone involved in regulating sleep

Question 47

Phase therapies

Answer 47

Changing bedtime to treat insomnia

Question 48

Phototherapy

Answer 48

Bright light for circadian rhythm treatment

Question 49

Sleep hygiene

Answer 49

Lifestyles that impact sleep quality

Question 50

Parasomnia Examples

Answer 50

Nightmares Disorders of arousal Sleep walking Sleep terrors Nocturnal eating syndrome Sexsomnia

Question 51

Somnambulism

Answer 51

Sleep-walking; Walking during NREM

Question 52

When do disorders of arousal occur in sleep?

Answer 52

N-REM

Question 53

Sleep terrors

Answer 53

Panic and screaming during deep sleep

Question 54

Scheduled awakenings

Answer 54

Waking child up before usual time of sleep terror to prevent them

Question 55

Nocturnal Eating Syndrome

Answer 55

Eating while fully asleep