Chapter 11- Personality Disorders Flashcards
Personality Disorders
Persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that result in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or others that may cause difficulties in work or relationships
~10% of the general population worldwide
Personality Disorder Development
Originate in childhood and persist into adulthood
Can remit over time and/or be replaced with other personality disorders
Criteria are similar, leading to significant overlap and comorbidities
Cluster A personality Disorders
Odd or eccentric presentations
Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal
Share features with psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Dramatic, emotional, and erratic
Antisocial, histrionic, borderline, and narcissistic
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Anxious and Fearful
Share features with anxiety disorders
Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive
Paranoid Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- I cannot trust others
Extreme distrust and suspicion of others can interfere with meaningful relationships
Argumentative, complaining, or quiet
Sensitive to criticism and need autonomy
Paranoid Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment
Caused by genetic relation to schizophrenia
Negative cognitive schema and cultural differences
Treated by CBT and promoting trust
Schizoid Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- Relationships are messy and undesirable
Do not desire or enjoy closeness with others
Pattern of detachment from social relationships with limited range of emotions
Does not cause distress
Schizoid Personality Disorder Causes and Treatments
Caused by childhood shyness, abuse, and/or neglect
Maybe autism
Treated with social skills training and pointing out value in relationships
Schizotypal Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- Its better to be isolated from others
Suspicious, isolated, and odd beliefs and behaviors that are similar to schizophrenia
Psychotic-like symptoms and social deficits
Magical thinking and unusual perception
Schizotypal Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment
Caused by relation to schizophrenia with similar genetic vulnerabilities
Childhood mistreatment and left hemisphere damage
Treated like depression or schizophrenia- Antipsychotics, community treatment, social skills, and CBT
Antisocial Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- I am entitled to break rules
Superficial charm, grandiosity, pathological lying, conning, manipulative, lack remorse or empathy
Follows conduct disorder
Fail to comply with social norms, impulsive, and deceitful
Antisocial Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment
Genetic influence, instability in childhood
Coercive family processes- Child learns to get their way by throwing tantrum
Fearlessness and under-arousal hypotheses
Imbalance between behavioral inhibition and reward systems
Treated with incarceration, CBT, and high-risk childhood interventions
Histrionic Personality Disorder Description
Female alternate to ASPD
Key belief- People are there to serve or admire me
Exaggerated emotions
Vain, self-centered, and need for attention and approval
Impressionistic and vague
Histrionic Causes and Treatment
Relationship with antisocial personality disorder
Treated with therapy to focus on interpersonal relationships
Narcissistic Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- Since I am special, I deserve special rules
An exaggerated sense of self-importance with preoccupation with themselves
Lack sensitivity and compassion for others
Narcissistic Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment
Lack proper socialization and empathy development
CBT focusing on grandiosity, hypersensitivity, and lack of empathy
Borderline Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- I deserve to be punished
Fear of abandonment
Unstable mood, relationships, and self-image
Impulsive and self-destructive
Intense mood swings
Depressed, suicidal, and hopeless
Borderline Causes and Treatment
Genetic- Serotonin system disturbances
Negative memory or cognitive biases
Childhood trauma and mistreatment
Treated with Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Priority treatment of self-harming behaviors
Treat behaviors harming therapy
Treat behaviors impacting quality of life
Teach how to identify and regulate emotions, problem solve, and self-trust
Avoidant Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- If people knew me, they would reject me
Avoid social relationships due to overwhelming anxiety
Feel chronically rejected and pessimisted
Avoidant Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment
Difficult temperament and early childhood rejection
Low self-esteem and social alienation
Treated by CBT with therapeutic alliance
Dependent Personality Disorder Description
Key belief- I need others to survive and be happy
Reliance on others to make ordinary and important decisions
Submissive, timid, passive, clingy, need reassurance
Dependent Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment
Disruption in gaining independence
CBT focusing on building self-confidence slowly; not attaching to therapist
