Chapter 3

Question 1

Components of Clinical Assessments

Answer 1

Reliability- Consistency of measurement
Validity- Does it measure what it intends
Standardization- Consistency, can it be applied to groups

Question 2

Mental Status Exam

Answer 2

General overview and observations of patient
5 Categories- Appearance & Behavior, Thought Processes, Mood & Affect, Intellectual Functioning, and Sensorium
Used to personalize testing

Question 3

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 3

Tracking and identification of target behavior to determine its causes
Focuses on Antecedent, Behvaior, and Consequences

Question 4

WAIS Subscales

Answer 4

Verbal- Vocabulary, Knowledge of facts, short-term memory, and verbal reasoning
Performance- Psychomotor skills, non-verbal reasoning, and learning new relationships

Question 5

IQ

Answer 5

Ability to do well in education system, not a measure of intelligence

Question 6

Neuroimaging Strategies

Answer 6

Structure- CT scan, MRI
Function- PET, SPECT, or fMRI

Question 7

Psychophysiological Assessment

Answer 7

Measure changes in nervous system and biomarkers in response to other events
Testing methods- EEG, heart rate, respiration, electro-dermal responding

Question 8

Idiographic Strategy

Answer 8

Determine what makes a person unique

Question 9

Nomothetic Strategy

Answer 9

Determine what groups of symptoms a person experiences

Question 10

Prototypical Diagnostic Approach

Answer 10

Determine essential characteristics of a disorder and several non-essential feature
Need several non-essential, but not all, to render diagnosis

Question 11

Internal research validity

Answer 11

Does the independent variable cause the change in the dependent variable

Question 12

Confounding variable

Answer 12

Any variable not controlled for in a study that changes results
AKA third variable

Question 13

External validity

Answer 13

Generalizability
How well do results translate to the outside world

Question 14

Analogue Models

Answer 14

Attempt to recreate real-world scenarios in lab to increase external validity

Question 15

Statistical significance

Answer 15

Mathematical difference between two groups

Question 16

Clinical Significance

Answer 16

Whether or not the difference between two groups matters

Question 17

Common research methods

Answer 17

Case Study
Correlation
Epidemiology
Experiment
Single-Case Experiment

Question 18

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 18

The relationship between two variables
Range from -1 to 1

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

Observable Characteristics

Question 20

Genotype

Answer 20

Genetic Makeup

Question 21

Endophenotypes

Answer 21

Genetic mechanisms that cause symptoms

Question 22

Methods to Study Genetics

Answer 22

Family Studies
Adoption Studies
Twin Studies
Genetic link and association studies

Question 23

Prevention Research

Answer 23

Looks at effectiveness of health promotion interventions

Question 24

Cross-sectional design

Answer 24

Group participants by factors like age, sex, ect.

Question 25

Cohort effect

Answer 25

People in different age groups with have different experiences

Question 26

Longitudinal design

Answer 26

Follow a group of subjects over a period of time

Question 27

Cross-Generational Effect

Answer 27

People from different generations will have different experiences

Question 28

Sequential Design

Answer 28

Follow multiple cohorts over different periods of time Usually multiple groups over same period of life

Question 29

Studying Behavior across cultures

Answer 29

Must be cognisant of cultural differences, especially: Description of symptoms Tolerance and What is Typical Cultural norms and what is atypical