Chapter 10- Substance, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Question 1

Psychoactive Substances

Answer 1

Alter mood, behavior, or both after ingestion

Question 2

Substance use

Answer 2

Ingestion of psychoactive substances, does not interfere with functioning

Question 3

Intoxication

Answer 3

Physiological reaction to substance use

Question 4

Substance Use Disorders

Answer 4

Defined by disruption of function and danger following substance use
Severity based on number of symptoms

Question 5

Symptoms of Addiction

Answer 5

Physiological Dependence
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Drug-Seeking Behaviors

Question 6

Withdrawal

Answer 6

Psychophysiological response to the lack of a substance

Question 7

Tolerance

Answer 7

The need of a larger amount of a substance to illicit the same response

Question 8

Substance Classes

Answer 8

Depressants
Stimulants
Opiates
Hallucinogens
Other

Question 9

Depressants Examples

Answer 9

Alcohol
Sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytics

Question 10

Depressant Effects

Answer 10

Decrease CNS activity
Reduce arousal
Promote relaxation

Question 11

Alcohol

Answer 11

Depressant
Apparent stimulation and depression of inhibitory centers followed by widespread depression
Reduce GABA
Impact glutamate and serotonin

Question 12

Path of Alcohol through the body

Answer 12

Ingestion
Stomach
Small intestine- Enter bloodstream
Heart
Liver

Question 13

Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics

Answer 13

Calming, sleep-inducing, or anxiety-reducing drugs
Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines
Impact GABA system

Question 14

Barbiturates

Answer 14

Amytal, Seconal, and Nembutal
Sedatives prescribed for sleep
Relax muslces

Question 15

Benzodiazepines

Answer 15

Valium, xanax, ativan
Rohypnal- Roofy drug
Anxiety reducers that relax muscles

Question 16

Stimulant Effects

Answer 16

Active, Alert, and elevated mood

Question 17

Stimulant Examples

Answer 17

Amphetamines
Cocaine
Tobacco and Nicotine
Caffeine

Question 18

Amphetamines

Answer 18

Ritalin, Adderall, MDMA, Crystal meth
Behavioral and Physiological symptoms
Quick tolerance
Enhance norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 19

Cocaine

Answer 19

Block dopamine reuptake
Causes alertness, euphoria, insomnia, and cardiovascular effects

Question 20

Tobacco and Nicotine

Answer 20

Stimulates CNS and pleasure pathway
Causes dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal

Question 21

Caffeine

Answer 21

“Gentle stimulant”
Increase adenosine and dopamine
Mild withdrawal

Question 22

Opioids Examples

Answer 22

Natural and synthetic opiates
Heroin
Methadone
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone

Question 23

Opioids Effects

Answer 23

Activate natural opioid and endorphin pain reduction system
Causes euphoria, drowsiness, slowed breathing, and pain relief
Increased risk because of intravenous injection
Hard recovery with severe withdrawal

Question 24

Cannabis

Answer 24

Mood swings and varying effects
Many impacts on brain by THC
No major withdrawal and varying tolerance

Question 25

Hallucinogenics Examples

Answer 25

LSD “acid”
PCP
Mushrooms

Question 26

Hallucinogenics Effects

Answer 26

Perceptual changes, dilated pupils, blurred vision
Fast tolerance with little withdrawal
Similar to serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine depending on drug
Possible therapeutic effects

Question 27

Other Drugs of Abuse

Answer 27

Inhalants
Steroids
Dissociative Anesthetics

Question 28

Inhalants

Answer 28

Volatile solvents that can be directly inhaled
Ex: Spray paint, acetone, glue, amyl nitrate
Common in adolescence and correctional facilities
High tolerance, withdrawal, and side effects

Question 29

Steroids

Answer 29

Synthesized or derived from testosterone
Abused to improve physical abilities
Causes mood disturbances and physical consequences

Question 30

Dissociative Anesthetics

Answer 30

“Designer drugs”
Ecstacy, Molly, Ketamine, Bath Salts
Dangerous and Highly toxic

Question 31

Factors Influencing Substance Disorder Development

Answer 31

Biological, Psychological, Cognitive, and Social Factors

Question 32

Biological Influences

Answer 32

Genetic risk factors
Genetic influence on drug metabolism
Pleasure pathway- Dopamine

Question 33

Psychological Influences

Answer 33

Positive Reinforcement:
Pleasurable experience and social contexts
Negative Reinforcement:
Reduce stress/pain
Coping mechanism
Relieve withdrawal or crash by continuing to use

Question 34

Cognitive Influences

Answer 34

Expectancy Effect:
Expectations before taking influences response
Positive expectations linked with drug use
Cravings

Question 35

Social Influences

Answer 35

Exposure
Parental monitoring
Social view of drug users-
Moral weakness vs. disease models

Question 36

Biological Treatments for Substance Abuse

Answer 36

Agonist Substitution- Switching to similar drug
Antagonist Treatment- Block or counteract positive drug effects
Aversive treatment- Make using extremely unpleasant
Treat withdrawal symptoms

Question 37

Psychosocial Treatment for Substance Abuse

Answer 37

Inpatient Facilities
Alcoholics Anonymous- 12 Step program
Controlled Use
Component Treatment

Question 38

Component Treatment for Substance Abuse

Answer 38

Covert Sensitization- Link drug use with negative stimuli
Reward positive behavior
Hollistic treatment approach with community help
Empathy and growth mindset
CBT to reduce relapse

Question 39

Substance Abuse prevention methods

Answer 39

Educational programs
Changing societal representations of drug use

Question 40

Gambling

Answer 40

Same pattern of urges as substance abuse- Pleasure pathway
Decreased impulse control

Question 41

Impulse Control Disorders

Answer 41

Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Kleptomania
Pyromania

Question 42

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Answer 42

Acting on irresistible aggressive impulses
Linked with serotonin, norepinephrine, testosterone, and many brain areas
Treated with CBT