Chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior and History Flashcards
Psychological Disorder
Clinically significant abnormal behavior or psychological syndrome
Psychological Disorder Inclusion Criteria (4)
Distress, Disability, Increased Risk, Atypical
DSM Disorder Criteria
Symptoms, Time Course, Distress or disability, no better explanation by drugs or medical condition
Psychopathology
The study of the nature, development, and treatment of psychological disorders
Clinical & Counseling Psychologist
Ph.D. or equivalent; Research the cause and treatment of psychological disorders; only one allowed to do testing
Psychiatrist
MD or DO; Emphasize drugs or biological treatments
Psychiatric Social Workers
Get masters degree; Focus on family situation
Supernatural tradition
Work of demons & witches; Mass hysteria; Astrological explinations
Biological traditon
Biology causes mental disorders
Major supporting case- Syphilis and general paresis
John P. Grey
Treatment methods- Shock therapy & drugs
Moral Therapy
Early 19th century movement that pushed for normal treatment of patients
Mental Hygiene Movement
Movement led by Dorthea Dix and Benjamin Rush that pushed for the ethical treatment of patients by exposing bad conditions in mental facilities
Psychoanalytic theory
Led by Frued, belief in the unconscious mind
Major Facets (3):
Structure of the mind (Id, Ego, Superego)
Defence mechanisms
Psychosexual stages of development
Treatment-Free association, dream analysis, transference
Behavioral Model
Led by Skinner and Watson
Built on Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
Learning is based on reinforcement and punishment
Operant conditioning and systematic desensitization
Humanistic Theory
Led by Rogers and Maslow
Self-actualization
Person-centered therapy
Neo-Freudians
Horney, Framm, Erickson
Social and Interpersonal conflicts, Relationship and Identity focuses
Trait Theorists
Cattell, Eyseneck
Enduring Personality Traits
SLT and CBT
Michenbaum, Beck
Learning from observation and imitation; Dispute irrational beliefs
Diathesis-Stress Model
Combination of biological predisposition combined with psychosocial and environmental stresses cause mental illness
Yearly Prevalence Rates
Anxiety 18% Mood 9.5% Impulse-Control 8.9% Substance Abuse 3.8%
Any 26.2%
Comorbidity 1- 14.4% 2- 5.8% 3- 6%
Mild 40.4% Moderate 37.3% Serious 22.3%
Lifetime Prevalence Rates
No disorders- 52%
1 Disorder- 21%
2 Disorders- 13%
3 Disorders- 14%
Internalizing Disorders
Not seen, Inward, Overcontrol
Ex- Anxiety, Depression
Externalizing Disorders
Outward, under-control
Ex- ADHD, Antisocial, Conduct
Categorical System
2 groups- Disorder or no disorder
Pros- Can have a wide array of disorders
Cons- Does poor job of rating severity
Dimensional System
Rates different levels of disorder based on severity of impairment
Pros- Developmentally sensitive
Cons- Needs large amount of data; only few categories of condition
