Lecture 2 Flashcards
When was Psychology Founded?
1879
American Psychological Association
Founded in 1892 with 12 members
Over 85000 members and provides many services today
Treatment for psychological disorders in the middle ages
Exorcism
Trephination
Natural Healers
Execution
Who was kept in institutions?
Psychotics
Neurotics
Murderers and Criminals
Famous Institutions
St. Mary’s in London (1547)
Salpetriere women’s facility in Paris (1656)
Bicetre men’s facility in Paris (1660)
Phillipe Pinel
Frenchman who famously unchained and released patients from the Salpetriere and the Bicetre
Clifford Beers
Wrote “The Mind that Found Itself” about his time in an institution and the inhumane practices
Benjamin Rush
Founder of the Mental Hygiene Movement that pushed for humane treatment in institutions
Lighter Witmer
Became the first American Clinical Psychologist in 1896 and established the first US psychological clinic
Alfred Binet
Developed the first IQ test for children in 1905
Stanley Hall
Invited Sigmund Frued to speak in US in 1909
Gave psychoanalysis a boost in popularity
WWII impacts on psychology
US Government requests IQ and aptitude tests to evaluate soldier potential
Nazi Germany attempts to use Gestalt Psychology “Principle of Similarity” to defend practices
Post-War psychology and neuropsychological treatment was focused on treating veterans
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Founded in 1963 and allowed for formal psychology funding and research
Community Mental Health Center Act
Passed in 1963 and gave every county funds to produce a mental health center for treatment
Titicut Follies
Documentary released in 1965 that exposed the horrific conditions of Bridgewater State hospital and other institutions
Psychological Assessment
Process of gathering information about an individual or family for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment
Standardization Group
Large, representative group that is used to establish normative data for a particular test
Must run across age and gender
Normative Data
Typical performance data for a particular group of people that clients can be matched against
Popular Assessment Tests
MMPI- Personality
WAIS-R- Intellectual
Bender-Gestalt- Neuropsychological
Personality
Pattern of thinking, feeling and acting that emerges in familiar situations
40-60% heritability
Projective Personality Tests
Interpretation of ambiguous stimuli provides information about personality
Based on psychoanalysis and depends on interpretation, no normative data
Best used to gather freeform data and form hypothesis
Projective Tests
Thematic Apperception Test- Tell story about cards
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
Sentence Completion
Drawing Tests
Objective Personality Tests
Structured and unambiguous; standardized with formal scoring
Structure: True/false, Yes/no, or Likert Scale
Easy to manipulate results
Big 5 Personality Factors
(N)- Neuroticism- Anxious, hostile, self-conscious, and insecure
(E)- Extraversion- Outgoing, social, upbeat, friendly, assertive
(O)- Openness- Curious, flexible, imaginative, artistic, unconventional
(A)- Agreeableness- Trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward
(C)- Conscientiousness- Diligent, disciplined, well-organized, punctual, dependable
