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Abnormal Psychology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Psychology Founded?

A

1879

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2
Q

American Psychological Association

A

Founded in 1892 with 12 members
Over 85000 members and provides many services today

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3
Q

Treatment for psychological disorders in the middle ages

A

Exorcism
Trephination
Natural Healers
Execution

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4
Q

Who was kept in institutions?

A

Psychotics
Neurotics
Murderers and Criminals

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5
Q

Famous Institutions

A

St. Mary’s in London (1547)
Salpetriere women’s facility in Paris (1656)
Bicetre men’s facility in Paris (1660)

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6
Q

Phillipe Pinel

A

Frenchman who famously unchained and released patients from the Salpetriere and the Bicetre

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7
Q

Clifford Beers

A

Wrote “The Mind that Found Itself” about his time in an institution and the inhumane practices

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8
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

Founder of the Mental Hygiene Movement that pushed for humane treatment in institutions

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9
Q

Lighter Witmer

A

Became the first American Clinical Psychologist in 1896 and established the first US psychological clinic

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10
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Developed the first IQ test for children in 1905

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11
Q

Stanley Hall

A

Invited Sigmund Frued to speak in US in 1909
Gave psychoanalysis a boost in popularity

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12
Q

WWII impacts on psychology

A

US Government requests IQ and aptitude tests to evaluate soldier potential
Nazi Germany attempts to use Gestalt Psychology “Principle of Similarity” to defend practices
Post-War psychology and neuropsychological treatment was focused on treating veterans

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13
Q

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

A

Founded in 1963 and allowed for formal psychology funding and research

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14
Q

Community Mental Health Center Act

A

Passed in 1963 and gave every county funds to produce a mental health center for treatment

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15
Q

Titicut Follies

A

Documentary released in 1965 that exposed the horrific conditions of Bridgewater State hospital and other institutions

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16
Q

Psychological Assessment

A

Process of gathering information about an individual or family for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment

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17
Q

Standardization Group

A

Large, representative group that is used to establish normative data for a particular test
Must run across age and gender

18
Q

Normative Data

A

Typical performance data for a particular group of people that clients can be matched against

19
Q

Popular Assessment Tests

A

MMPI- Personality
WAIS-R- Intellectual
Bender-Gestalt- Neuropsychological

20
Q

Personality

A

Pattern of thinking, feeling and acting that emerges in familiar situations
40-60% heritability

21
Q

Projective Personality Tests

A

Interpretation of ambiguous stimuli provides information about personality
Based on psychoanalysis and depends on interpretation, no normative data
Best used to gather freeform data and form hypothesis

22
Q

Projective Tests

A

Thematic Apperception Test- Tell story about cards
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
Sentence Completion
Drawing Tests

23
Q

Objective Personality Tests

A

Structured and unambiguous; standardized with formal scoring
Structure: True/false, Yes/no, or Likert Scale
Easy to manipulate results

24
Q

Big 5 Personality Factors

A

(N)- Neuroticism- Anxious, hostile, self-conscious, and insecure
(E)- Extraversion- Outgoing, social, upbeat, friendly, assertive
(O)- Openness- Curious, flexible, imaginative, artistic, unconventional
(A)- Agreeableness- Trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward
(C)- Conscientiousness- Diligent, disciplined, well-organized, punctual, dependable

25
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

Most Popular Personality Test
Has 4 validity scales and 10 Clinical Scales

26
Q

MMPI Validity Scales

A

? (Cannot Say)- Unanswered questions
L (Lie)- Faking good; presentation of no problems
F (Infrequency)- Faking bad
K (Defensiveness)- Defensive to admitting problems

27
Q

MMPI Clinical Scales

A

Hypochochondiasis- Concern about health
Depression- Depression
Hysteria- Somatic complains; Denial of psychological problems
Psychopathic Deviate- Antisocial Behavior
Masculinity-Feminity- Nonstandard gender interests
Paranoia- Suspiciousness
Psychasthenia- Anxiety
Schizophrenia- Disturbed thought
Hypomania- Manic mood
Social Introversion- Shy, socially inept

28
Q

Intelligence Assessment

A

Used to predict academic and vocational success, test for disability, and in diagnosing learning disability (need IQ-Achievement discrepancy)
Most reliable after 17 years old

29
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV)

A

Most Popular IQ Test
Scored with mean of 100 and SD of 15
5 Scores-
Full Scale IQ
Verbal Comprehension
Perceptual Reasoning
Working Memory
Processing Speed

30
Q

Arthur Benton

A

Father of American Neuropsychology and got Ph.D. at Iowa

31
Q

Neuropsychology

A

The clinical study and evaluation of brain-cognition relationships
Idea that cognitive ability is linked to brain areas

32
Q

Parts of Neuropsychological Assessments

A

Clinical Interview
Formal Testing
Interpretation and Feedback
Function- Establish diagnosis and prognosis for recovery

33
Q

Acute Epoch

A

Within 3 months of brain trauma
Most recovery happens here

34
Q

Chronic Epoch

A

Over 3 months of brain trauma

35
Q

Areas of Neuropsychological Assessment

A

Attention and Working Memory
Premorbid Ability
Language
Perception
Executive Function
Memory
Motor
Mood/Personality
Adaptive/ Social Skills

36
Q

Common Neuropsychological Tests

A

Boston Naming Test
Benton Judgement of Line Orientation
Trail Making Test
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Digit Symbol / Coding
Grooved Pegboard
Geriatric Depression Scale

37
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for Working memory, concentration, Initiation & inhibition, planning, decision making, motor speech, executive function

38
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory processing, receptive speech, and secondary memory

39
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Body orientation, visual-spatial skills, and sensory integration

40
Q

Occipiatal lobe

A

Visual Processing

41
Q

Lateralization of Function

A

Left- Logic, details, language, and verbal processing; gray matter
Right- Emotion, holistic, spatial, and non-verbal processing; white matter

42
Q

Brain impairments

A

Trauma, stroke, tumors, infections, degenerative diseases, and chronic alcoholism

Abnormal Psychology (19 decks)

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