Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Lecture 4 ANS > Flashcards

Lecture 4 ANS Flashcards

1
Q

somatic vs autonomic neuron architecture

A
  • somatic: UMN = interneuron in spine and LMN from spine to skeletal muscle - can be very long
  • autonomic: preganglionic living in spine synapses with postganglionic in ganglion and innervates organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

varicosities

A

swellings in postganglionic that release NT along axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

denervation meaning and causes

A
  • cutting of neuron either physically or chemically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

denervation hypersensitivity

A
  • autonomic organs often more active if they are denervated

- ex: heart and GI are more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

denervation effect on somatic vs autonomic nervous system

A
  • somatic: no muscle contraction, flaccidity, and muscular atrophy
  • autonomic: increased activity (heart rate increases to intrinsic rate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

somatic vs autonomic neurotransmitters onto effectors

A
  • somatic: Ach onto nicotinic receptors and always excitatory
  • autonomic Ach or Norepi onto effector organs and excitatory/inhibitory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sympathetic alternate names and reasoning

A

fight or flight or thoraciccolumbar because comes from T1-T2 and L1-L2 (lumbar0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parasympathetic alternate names and reasoniing

A

rest and digest or carniosacral division, nerves come from midbrain/brainstem/medulla and lower spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sympathetic chain of paravertebral ganglia

A

2 chains of sympathetic ganglia running parallel to spine - pre and postganglionic enter and exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

collateral ganglion

A

sympathetic ganglion scattered throughout the abdominal and pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mass activation meaning and 3 factors

A
  • sympathetic system activates many organs and effects all at once (master switch) increased heart rate, pupil dilation, increased blood pressure etc
  • convergence, divergence, and sympathoadrenal system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

divergence

A
  • 1 preganglionic –> many postganglionic –> separate effector organs
  • allows for mass activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

convergence

A
  • many preganglionic –> 1 postganglionc

- allows for summation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sympathoadrenal system

A
  • adrenal gland only innervated by sympathetic system

- release epi 85% and norepi 15% into blood stream where it binds to all adrenergic receptors causing mass activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adrenal medulla and how its like a neuron

A
  • adrenal gland = postganglionic lost axons so just release NT/hormone into blood strem
  • explains why adrenal gland only innervated by a preganglionic - it itself is the postganglionic!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adrenal medulla hormones

A
  • epi 85% and norepi 15%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 locations where sympathetic preganglionics synapse

A

1) sympathetic chain of paravertebral ganglia

2) collateral ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

list 4 parasympathetic cranial nerves, number, and general effector organ

A
  • cranial 3 oculomotor = eyes
  • cranial 7 facial
  • cranial 9 glossopharyngeal
  • cranial 10 vagus nerve, all organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cranial nerve 3 name, origin, ganglia, effector organ

A

oculomotor

midbrain –> ciliary ganglion –> circular smooth muscle in eye and ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cranial nerve 7 name, origin, ganglia, effector organ

A

Facial nerve: pons –> pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia –> lacrimal (tear), mucous, and salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cranial nerve 9 name, origin, ganglia, effector organ

A

glossopharyngeal nerve: medulla oblongata –> otic ganglion –> parotid gland (salivary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cranial nerve 10 name, origin, ganglia, effector organ

A

vagus nerve: medulla oblongata –> terminal ganglia in or near organ –> all organs in abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pelvic spinal nerves origin, ganglia, effector organ

A

S2-S4 –> terminal ganglia –> lower half of large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 sets of muscles in pupil and which type of pupil movement

A
  • circular smooth muscle, parasympathetic, contraction = constriction of pupil
  • radial smooth muscle, sympathetic, contraction = dilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

circular smooth muscle in pupil - receptor, branch of ANS, stimulation type

A

muscarinic receptors, parasympathetic, contraction = pupillary constriction

26
Q

radial smooth muscle - branch of ANS, stimulation type

A

sympathetic, contraction = pupillary dilation

27
Q

dual innervation and 2 examples

A
  • most organs are innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves
  • ex: heart, to increase and decrease rate from the intrinsic rate
  • ex: GI tract, parasympathetic increases activity and sympathetic decreases activity
28
Q

exceptions to dual innervation and 4 main examples

A
  • only innervated by sympathetic or parasymapthetic not both
    1) radial and circular smooth muscle of the eye
    2) sweat glands - sympathetic
    3) arrector pilli of skin - sympathetic
    4) blood vessels - sympathetic
    5) adrenal gland - sympathetic
29
Q

vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle - explain how this is an exception

A
  • Ach NOT norepi released onto muscarinic vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle causing inhibition, vasodilation, and increased blood flow
  • epi from adrenal gland binds to B2 receptors and also vasodilates
30
Q

blood shunting

A
  • vasoconstriction in one area makes more blood available to organs where vasodilation is occurring
31
Q

adrenergic receptor 1 vs 2

A 
1 = excitatory 
2 = inhibitory
32
Q

alpha adrenergic receptros

A
  • prefer norepi

- Ca2+ secondary messenger

33
Q

beta adrenergic receptors

A
  • prefer epi

- cAMP secondary messenger

34
Q

alpha 1 - location and effect

A
  • excitatory

- GI and skin vascular smooth muscle, sphincters, pupil

35
Q

alpha 2 - location and effect

A
  • inhibitory

- GI tract and brain (negative feedback)

36
Q

beta 1 - location and effect

A
  • excitatory

- heart ONLY

37
Q

beta 2 - location and effect

A
  • inhibitory

- bronchioles, vascular smooth muscle of skeletal tissue, GI tract wall, bladder

38
Q

net effect of sympathetic on blood pressure

A
  • vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle to skeletal muscle
  • vasoconstriction everywhere else (especially skin and IG)
  • net effect = increased blood pressure
39
Q

explain how alpha 2 is used in negative feedback

A
  • in brain
  • presynaptic to preganglionic –> preganglionic –> postganglionic
  • A2 receptors on presynaptic to preganglionic allow inhibition by blood borne epi
  • overall inhibition of sympathetic system, makes sure it doesnt go overboard
40
Q

effect of A2 agonist drugs

A
  • A2 agonist = inhibits symapthetic system - decreases blood pressure and heart rate
41
Q

antagonistic effect of parasympathetic and sympathetic and 2 examples

A
  • antagonistic = para/sympa effects are often opposite of each other
  • ex: heart rate and GI
42
Q

cooperative effects

A
  • both branches needed for proper functioning
  • sympathetic releases sphincters and parasympathetic contracts bladder muscle
  • parasympathetic for erection and sympathetic for ejaculation
43
Q

complementary effects

A
  • effects are similar but not necessary

- ex: parasympathetic activates salivary gladns and sympathetic constricts blood vesses making saliva thicker

44
Q

atropine and clinical application

A
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • M2 on heart inhibits intrinsic rate so atropine increases heart rate
  • to increase heart rate: use atropine to decrease parasympathetic first then use a drug that mimics sympathetic
45
Q

NO effects and example

A

smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation

ex: NO causes erection

46
Q

pupillary dilation - receptor type

A
  • contraction and excitation of radial smooth muscle

- A1 (B1 only in heart)

47
Q

heart

A
  • increased heart rate, excitatory B1
48
Q

GI and skin vascular smooth muscle constrict

A
  • constriction = contraction of muscle excitatory

- A1 (B1 only in heart)

49
Q

skeletal muscle vascular smooth muscle

A
  • dilation = inhibition
  • Ach released onto inhibitory muscarinic
  • epi/norepi from adrenal gland binds to B2
50
Q

bronchioles

A
  • dilation to get more air
  • inhibitory
  • B2 (A2 only for GI secretion and brain negative feedback)
51
Q

GI tract wall

A
  • relaxation, inhibition

- B2 (A2 for brain and GI secretion)

52
Q

sphincters

A
  • contraction, excitatory

- A1 (B1 only in the heart)

53
Q

GI secretion

A
  • inhibitory

- A2 (GI secretion and brain only)

54
Q

bladder

A
  • inhibitory (recall contraction = peeing)

- B2 (A2 in brain and GI secretion only)

55
Q

thermoregulatory glands

A
  • excitatory
  • EXCEPTION
  • Ach onto excitatory muscarinic receptors
56
Q

A1 agonist drug

A
  • causes constriction

- ex: treatment for nasal congestion, vasoconstriction decreases swelling (but also raises blood pressure)

57
Q

A2 agonist drug

A
  • recall: brain and GI

- agonist inhibits sympathetic system

58
Q

B1 agonist drug

A
  • recall: excitatory in heart

- increases heart rate

59
Q

B1 antagonist drug

A
  • decreases heart rate
60
Q

B2 agonist drug

A
  • inhibitory to bronchioles

- bronchiole dilation to treat asthma and COPD

Physiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions