Lab 1 Flashcards
stem cell
undifferentiated cell
totipotent
can become any type of cell
pluripotent
can become a large number of different cells (more than multipotent)
multipotent
can becoem a moderate number of different cell types (less than pluripotent)
4 types of tissue
connective, muscle, neural, eptihelial
skeletal muscle
- voluntary and graded contraction skeletal or non skeletal movement
- striations due to actin and myosin arrangement
- multi nuclei, very straight
- graded since each myofiber innervated by its own neuron
cardiac muscle
- involuntary and nongraded contraction
- only found in heart
- striated, branched fibers, intercalated discs, single nuclei
- connected by gap junctions that allow voltage to pass between cells and desomosomes to hold them together
- contractility = strength of contraction, can change
smooth muscle
- fusiform = thick in middle and thin on the sides
- involuntary movement, not striated, one nucleus per cell, layered
- lines organs, blood vessels, bronchioels
nervous tissue - 2 main components
neurons and neuroglial cells
neuroglial aka glial cells
cells that support neurons
neuron - 3 main parts
- dendrites recieve signal and bring it to cell body and signal travels away through the axon
syncytium
myoblast (cells) –> myofibers –> syncytium (1 functional unit)
layers of epithelial tissue
epithelial cells –> basement membrane –> connective tissue
epithelial cell shapes
- squamous = flat and wide
- cuboidal = cube shaped
- columnar = like a column
epithelial layer classification
- simple = 1 layer
- stratified = 2 layer
simple squamous
- diffusion
- alveoli of lungs and lining of blood vessels
simpel cuboidal
- secretion fo absorption
- ducts and glands
simple columnar
- secretion, absorption, and protection
- GI tract
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
- appears stratified due ot layering of nucleus but is not
- airways
stratified squamous (non keratinized)
- protection
- ducts and cavities with mucus ex: anus, mouth, nasal passage
stratified squamous (keratinized)
- protection
- skin, water resistant keratin and dead cell layer
stratified cuboidal
ducts and glands
transitional
- changes height to cause expansion and contraction
- ureters, urethra, bladder
exocrine gland embryonic development
- epithelia invaginates and creates a U shape
endocrine gland embryonic development
- invaginated epithelial pinches off, connective tissue surrounds the gland
extracellular matrix
ground substance and protein fibers
4 categories of connective tissue
- proper, blood, bone, cartilage
2 categories of connective tissue proper
- loose and dense
2 categories of dense connective tissue
- dense irregular and dense regular
mesenchymal cells
stem cells that create myofibroblast and fibroblast
myofibroblast
- produce ECM proteins and fibers and also contract to close wounds
- hybrid of muscle and fibroblast cell
fibroblast
- create ECM proteins and fibers
ground substance
- fluid like gel part of ECM
loose connective tissue
scattered fibers and lots of ground substance = chicken noodle soup
dense regular
lots of fibers/proteins and very little ground substance = top ramen
dense irregular
easily confused with loose but generally more protein fibers
