Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is an emic approach?
characteristics of culture, situation, moment determine our
behavior.
What is an etic approach?
universal characteristics of people determine our behavior
Which three things explain how we perceive others?
a) We form initial impressions of people’s external
characteristics (person perception)
b) We seek explanations for their behavior (=
attributions)
c) We interpret their non-verbal behavior (body
language, emotions)
Person perception is…
Quick and subconscious (undermedvetna)
Which part of the brain is connected to emotions?
The amygdala
Asch central traits
warm-cold
Implicit personality theory
Integrated set of ideas held by social perceivers about
how different traits tend to be organized within a person
Impression of person as a
whole (or an object):
Gestalt
Configural model
Holistic approach to impression formation, implying that social perceivers actively construct deeper meanings out of the bits of information that they receive about other people
Self-fulfilling prophecy
When an originally false social belief leads to its own
fulfillment
Self-fulfilling profecy: Rosenthal (1968) Pygmalion effect.
If the teacher thinks the student is intelligent, student starts to perform better
Heider’s (1958) attribution theory
› Heider sees people as ‘naïve scientists’
› We try to explain other people’s behavior
• To organize and understand our observations
• To derive predictions for the future
But how do we determine the cause of behavior? (two theories)
Correspondent Inference Theory
Covariation Theory
Correspondent inference theory and two things that the theory assumes
Intention-Behaviour-Copnsequence
• We are always aware of the consequences of our
actions
• Our actions are intentional and deliberate
Kelley’s covariation theory (1967)
Is an event caused by external or internal factors?
› Distinctiveness
• How does this actor behave in other situations?
› Consistency
• How does this actor usually behave in this situation?
› Consensus
• How do other actors behave?
fundamental attribution error is also called….?
And what is the error about?
And where is it more likley to occur?
Correspondence bias-NOT universal »We make many internal attributions for the behavior of others »We overestimate the importance of the person »We underestimate the importance of the situation In western countries North-America: Internal Asia: External
Actor-observer effect
Tendency to attribute our own behaviors externally
and others’ behavior internally
Self-serving bias
We are more likely to attribute our successes internally and our failures externally
• To protect self-esteem
