Lecture 2

Question 1

What is an emic approach?

Answer 1

characteristics of culture, situation, moment determine our

behavior.

Question 2

What is an etic approach?

Answer 2

universal characteristics of people determine our behavior

Question 3

Which three things explain how we perceive others?

Answer 3

a) We form initial impressions of people’s external
characteristics (person perception)
b) We seek explanations for their behavior (=
attributions)
c) We interpret their non-verbal behavior (body
language, emotions)

Question 4

Person perception is…

Answer 4

Quick and subconscious (undermedvetna)

Question 5

Which part of the brain is connected to emotions?

Answer 5

The amygdala

Question 6

Asch central traits

Answer 6

warm-cold

Question 7

Implicit personality theory

Answer 7

Integrated set of ideas held by social perceivers about

how different traits tend to be organized within a person

Question 8

Impression of person as a

whole (or an object):

Answer 8

Gestalt

Question 9

Configural model

Answer 9

Holistic approach to impression formation, implying that social perceivers actively construct deeper meanings out of the bits of information that they receive about other people

Question 10

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 10

When an originally false social belief leads to its own

fulfillment

Question 11

Self-fulfilling profecy: Rosenthal (1968) Pygmalion effect.

Answer 11

If the teacher thinks the student is intelligent, student starts to perform better

Question 12

Heider’s (1958) attribution theory

Answer 12

› Heider sees people as ‘naïve scientists’
› We try to explain other people’s behavior
• To organize and understand our observations
• To derive predictions for the future

Question 13

But how do we determine the cause of behavior? (two theories)

Answer 13

Correspondent Inference Theory

Covariation Theory

Question 14

Correspondent inference theory and two things that the theory assumes

Answer 14

Intention-Behaviour-Copnsequence
• We are always aware of the consequences of our
actions
• Our actions are intentional and deliberate

Question 15

Kelley’s covariation theory (1967)

Answer 15

Is an event caused by external or internal factors?
› Distinctiveness
• How does this actor behave in other situations?
› Consistency
• How does this actor usually behave in this situation?
› Consensus
• How do other actors behave?

Question 16

fundamental attribution error is also called….?
And what is the error about?
And where is it more likley to occur?

Answer 16

Correspondence bias-NOT universal
»We make many internal attributions for the behavior
of others
»We overestimate the importance of the person
»We underestimate the importance of the
situation
In western countries
North-America: Internal
Asia: External

Question 17

Actor-observer effect

Answer 17

Tendency to attribute our own behaviors externally

and others’ behavior internally

Question 18

Self-serving bias

Answer 18

We are more likely to attribute our successes internally and our failures externally
• To protect self-esteem