Chapter 5 -The self Flashcards
The self
William James was a leader in the field. He referred to the self as “I”. It has a doer and a being aspect.
Self construals
How a person see oneself and the active process to become that person in the social environment
Introspection
The process by which one observes and examine one’s internal states mental and emotional for behaving in a certain way
Self perception theory
The theory that assumes that when inner states are ambiguous, people can infer these states by observing their own behavior.
Reflected appraisal
We observe other people and their reactions to understand how they perceive and judge us.
Social comparison
Comparing yourself to other people’s abilities and opinions
Social identity
A group that you recognize your self with
Self concept
The cognitive representation of our self knowledge
Self schemes
Mental structures that help us organize and guide the processing of self related information
Self reference effect
The tendency to process and remember self related information better than other information
Working self concept
Subset of relevant self knowledge that is activated and guides our behavior in a given situation
Self-worth contingencies
Internal and external-on which we stake our self-worth
Desired self
contain our potential possible selves, as well as the wishes and aspirations ideal self, and the duties and obligations that we or significant others, hold for us.
Self-esteem
the overall evaluation that we have of ourselves along a positive-negative dimension.
Implicit self-esteem
the positivity of a person’s automatic or nonconscious evaluation of one self.
Independent vs, interdependent self
independent self: autonomy and individualism and defines the self via internal attributes like traits, interdependent: stresses the connection to others and defines the self in terms od relationships with others
self-enhancement
motivation to enhance the positivity of our self-conceptions, often over what would be objectivity warranted; achieved by various strategies
self-assessment motive
striving fo reach an accurate and objective understanding of the self
implicit egoism
non-conscious or automatic positive evaluation of self-associated object
Self-presentation
a range of strategies that we adopt in order to shape what others think of us
Self-handicapping
the tendency to engage in self-defeating behaviors in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure and augment ability attributions in the case of success.
self-verification
motivation to affirm firmly held self-beliefs, arising from a desire for stable and coherent self-views
sociometer theory
a theory that posits that our self-esteem functions as a signal of the degree to which we feel accepted or rejected by other people.
terror management theory
a theory that assumes that people cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve their self-esteem
self-awareness
a psychological state in which one’s attention is directed at the self.
self-regulation
the process of controlling and directing one’s behavior in order to achieve desired thoughts, feelings, and goals.
ego depletion
a temporary reduction of one’s self-regulatory capacities due to restricted energy resources after sustained self-control efforts
self-determination theory
accounts for people’s reasons for self-regulation: it self-regulation is motivated by external pressure it is effortful; if it is freely chosen it is much more efficient without being depleting
Identity negotiation
a process by which we establish who we are through mutual give-and-take interactions with others
Implicit egotism
non-conscious or automatic positive evaluation of self-associated objects.
self-assessment motive
self-assessment is the process of looking at oneself in order to assess aspects that are important to one’s identity.
What is overjustification?
View their behaviour as extrinsically
caused, underestimate intrinsic reasons
