Chapter 4-Social cognition Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Social cognition

A

Topic concerned with understanding how we think about ourselves and how the process involved impact upon our judgments and behavior in social context.
How we process social information.
-Select, store and remember social information.

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2
Q

Automatic thinking/process

A
› Occurs without intention,
effort or awareness
• Primary affective reactions
› Does not interfere with
other concurrent cognitive
processes
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3
Q

Controlled thinking/process

A
› Occurs without intention,
effort or awareness
• Primary affective reactions
› Does not interfere with
other concurrent cognitive
processes
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4
Q

3 shortcuts

A
1. Social categorisation
• Become active very fast and
automatically (priming!)
The tendency to group objects (including people) into
discrete groups based on shared characteristics common
to them
2. Schemas
• Make knowledge salient(activate)
•Influence what we feel, think and
do...
Schemas are the mental structures that help organize
and interpret information
3. Heuristics
• Decision rules
• Largely apply when we are not
thinking systematically
rule of thumb to arrive at a judgment that is effective in many but not all cases
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5
Q

Priming

A

Activating one stimulus facilitates the subsequent processing of another related stimulus. (wing, feather)

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6
Q

Encoding

A

How we translate what we see into a suitable format that can be readily stored in our mind.

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7
Q

Accessibility

A

The extent to which information is easily located and retrieved.

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8
Q

Automatic process

A

A process that occurs without intention, effort or awareness

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9
Q

Controlled process

A

A process that is intentional

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10
Q

Schema

A

a cognitive mental representation of knowledge about objects or people in specific groups and categories

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11
Q

Heuristic

A

Shortcut to arrive at judgments that are effective but not optimal. Stereotypes for example.

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12
Q

Stereotype

A

A cognitive structure that contains our knowledge and beliefs, and expectancies about some human social group.

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13
Q

Categorization

A

The tendency to group objects or people into discrete groups based upon shared characteristics common to them.

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14
Q

Lexical decision task

A

A cognitive measure of how quick people can classify a stimulus as real words or nonsense word; quicker responses to certain word categorization indicate increased accessibility.

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15
Q

Encoding

A

The way in which we translate what we see into a digestible format to be stored in the mind.

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16
Q

Representativeness heuristics

A

A mental shortcut whereby instances are assigned to categories on the basis of how similar they are to the category in general.

17
Q

Base rate information

A

Information that gives us an idea about how frequent certain categories are in the general population.

18
Q

Availability heuristics

A

a cognitive shortcut that allows us to draw upon information about how quickly information comes to mind about a particular event, to deduce? the frequency or likelihood of that event

19
Q

Anchoring/adjustment heuristics

A

a cognitive heuristics that makes us place weight upon initial standards/schemes and as a result means we may not always adjust sufficiently far from these anchors to provide accurately judgments.

20
Q

Cognitive miser

A

A view of people as being often limited in processing capacity and apt to take shortcuts where possible to make life simple.

21
Q

Goal

A

a positively valued behavioral end-state.

22
Q

Implicit goal operation

A

perceives individual motivation to behave in a certain way, example: overcome stereotypes

23
Q

goal dependent

A

arising from the interplay of a range of cognitive, motivational and biological factors.

24
Q

Accountability

A

A processing goal whereby the perceivers believe they will have to justify their responses to a third party and to be held responsible for their impressions; this typically leads to less stereotypical impressions.

25
Continuum model of impression formation
a process going from category-based evaluations at one end of the model to individuated responses at the other, dependent on the motivational and attentional factors.
26
Dissociation model
proposes that two different processes can occur independently and that one does not inevitably follow from the other.
27
Individuating information
Details about a person's personal characteristics (not as a group member)
28
Outcome dependency
a motivational objective in which participants believe they will later meet a target and work together on a jointly task
29
Probe reaction task
A simple reaction-time task that assesses attention left over from performing the primary task; does nor take away attention from the primary task.
30
Rebound effect
where suppression attempts fail; | Active suppression: end up thinking even more about a thing we want to stop thinking about.
31
Stereotype suppression
the act of trying to prevent an activated stereotype from impacting upon one's judgments about a person from a stereotypical group