Lecture 17: Learning and Memory ll Flashcards
unconscious memory is also known as
implicit or nondeclarative memory
unconscious memory
Memory that influences behaviour in an automatic, involuntary way. Relates to automatic adjustments to perceptual, cognitive, and motor systems that occur beneath the level of conscious awareness
types of unconscious memory
procedural, perceptual, and stimulus-response memories
procedural memory example
how to ride a bike
perceptual memory example
how to unconsciously tell identical twins apart
stimulus-response memory example
salivating in response to a ton
conscious memory is also known as
explicit or declarative memory
types of conscious memory
episodic & semantic memory
episodic memory
personal experiences associated with a time and place. Autobiographical memory that involves contextual information and is learned all at once.
semantic memory
Encyclopedic memory of facts and general information, often acquired gradually over time. This knowledge need not be associated with the time or place in which we learned the information.
what type of memory is prompted by “show me”
unconscious memory
what type of memory is prompted by “tell me:”
conscious memory
what type of memory is associated with perceptual learning?
implicit memory
what type of memory is associated with motor/procedural learning?
implicit memory
what type of memory is associated with relational/stimulus-stimulus learning
explicit memory
What type of memory is associated with stimulus-response learning?
implicit and explicit memory
sensory memory
Allows an individual to retain the experiences of the sensation slightly longer than the original stimulus
what is another word for sensory memory?
perceptual memory
how long does sensory memory last?
a few seconds
how long does short-term memory last?
seconds to minutes
how much information enters short-term memory?
only a small fraction
memory capacity of short-term memory
The memory capacity of short-term memory is limited to a few items
The length of short-term memory can be extended through rehearsal.
long-term memory
Information that will be retained from short-term memory is consolidated into long-term memory. Long-term memories can be retrieved throughout a lifetime and strengthened with increased retrieval
how long does long-term memory last?
for long periods
perceptual learning
A pattern recognition system that allows us to recognize and identify objects or situation & recognize changes in familiar stimuli. type of unconscious, implicit learning
neurobiological mechanism behind perceptual learning
Involves changes in the strength of connections between primary neurons in the primary and association sensory cortexes
visual agnosia and memory
Damage to regions of the brain involved in visual perception not only impairs the ability to recognize visual stimuli but also disrupts people’s memory of visual properties of familiar stimuli
motor learning
Learning to make a sequence of coordinated movements
can motor learning be improved?
yes! We use feedback from our movements from our joints, vestibular system, eyes, ears, etc. to improve our movements
what parts of the brain are involved in motor learning?
The cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, and motor cortex
what MUST be true for classical conditioning to occur?
We study this type of learning when the animal has no control over its environment