Lecture 12: Trauma and Stress Flashcards
Stress
The adjustive demands placed on an organism + the organism’s internal biological and psychological responses to such demands
2 types of stress
Eustress and distress
Are some stress healthy and others aAcute Stress Disordere harmful? Give out two extraordinary stress
Yes;
- Fight of flight
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway (HPA axis)
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway (HPA axis)
Connection btween two parts of brain and adrenal gland. and acts as stress response
Important factors in managing stress
Control, social support, predictability
Acute Stress Disorder
Symptoms begin within 4 weeks of significant event and last <1 month
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Symptoms begin shortly after event or months/years afterward
Up to 80% of cases begin as _____ and progress to _____
Acute, PTSD
Symptoms of Acute and PTSD:
- Increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt
- Re-experiencing the traumatic event
- Avoidance
- Reduced responsiveness and dissociation
Specific types of traumatic events that the DSM 5 requires (criticized by many):
Exposure to: actual/threatened death or serious injury, sexual violence.
Via many ways: experiencing event personally, witnessing scene, learning about accident of another person, experiencing exposure to aversive details of events other than through media reports.
4 clusters of symptoms
Intrusion, Avoidance, Negative Alterations in Cognitiions and Mood, Alterations in Arousal and Reacivity
Avoidance
Avoidance of stimuli and numbing of general responsiveness indicated by one or both of the following:
- Avoids internal reminders of the trauma
- Avoids external reminders of the trauma
Negative Alterations in Cognitions and Mood
2/+ of following:
- Inability to recall important parts of trauma
- Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about one’s self, others, or the world
- Persistently excessive blame of self or others about the trauma
- Persistently negative emotional state
- Decreased interest in activities
- Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others
- Persistent inability to experience positive emotions
Alterations in Arousal & Reactivity
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal; 2 or more of the following:
- Difficulty sleeping
- Irritability or outbursts of anger
- Difficulty concentrating
- Hypervigilance
Ex. Looking over your shoulders every 5 seconds when walking in the streets just to be safe.
- Exaggerated startle response
- Reckless or self-destructive behavior
Going off the railsStatistics of trauma
- Can occur at any age
- At least 3.5% in US
- Twice as common in women
- 2/3 of affected ppl seek treatment at some point
- More likely to be caused by some events - combat, disasters, abuses, victimization
