L15: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Substance

Answer 1

any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.

It changes perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Question 2

Addictive behavior

Answer 2

• behavior based on the pathological need for substance or activity

—may involve the abuse of substances such as nicotine, alcohol, cocaine

Question 3

Substance abuse generally involves a pathological use of a substance resulting in what?

Answer 3

1. potentially hazardous behavior

2. continued use despite a persistent social, psychological, occupational, or health problem

Question 4

Intoxication

Answer 4

still under the effects of the substance

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

needing a bigger dose ut get same result

Question 6

Withdrawal

Answer 6

Once you’re dependent on substance and stop taking the substance, you will experience negative effects.

Question 7

Dependence

Question 8

Effects of Alcoholism

Answer 8

Plays a role in suicides, homicides, assaults, rapes, accidents
Long-term excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health & cause major nutritional problems (Korsakoff’s syndrome)
Risk of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and miscarriage

Question 9

Danger of opioids

Answer 9

When untreated, mortality rate is 63% higher than non-addicted person
Most immediate danger is overdose
Impure drugs (laced with other things that are dangerous)
Infection from sharing needles

Question 10

Stimulant Effects

Answer 10

Cocaine is the most powerful known stimulant
Euphoric, psychosis → depression-like crash
Risk of heart failure; increased likelihood of miscarriage

Question 11

What is the most powerful known stimulant?

Answer 11

Cocaine

Question 12

Is cannabis really a “gateway drug”?

Answer 12

Maybe, maybe not

• 1 in 4 adolescents experience adverse outcomes related to cannabisThe majority of people who use marijuana do not go on to use other, “harder” substances
• Aside from biological effects, a person’s social environment plays a role in whether they use other drugs
• When studying twins, the twin who used was 2-2.5x more likely to experience depression or suicidal ideation

Question 13

Synergistic effects

Answer 13

occur when you consume multiple substances and their effects are similar …> produces an even greater effect

-e. consuming alcohol and a sleeping pill

Question 14

Ecological causes of substance use disorders

Answer 14

Living in stressful socioeconomic conditions
Having a family that values or tolerates drug use
Being confronted regularly by other kinds of stress

Question 15

Cognitive-behavioral causes of substance use disorders

Answer 15

Operant conditioning by tension-reduction, rewarding effect of drugs (self-medicating)
Expect that drugs will be rewarding
Influenced by classical conditioning when cues or objects are present with drug use

Question 16

Biological causes of substance use disorders

Answer 16

Neurotransmitter, brain circuits, reward-deficiency