L9: Research and Ethics

Question 1

Scientific Method

Answer 1

1. Identify problem
2. Collect info
3. Conclude
4. Revise theory

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

Framework for explanation that has been widely tested and accepted

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

testable prediction derived from a theory

Question 4

One thing both theories and hypothesis have to be

Answer 4

They both must be FALSIFIABLE

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

your test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 6

Internal validity

Answer 6

The extent to which we can establish cause and effect within our experiment

• Did we control all variables except the one we are interested in studying?
• Can we confidently say that the variable we are studying is what caused an effect to occur?

Question 7

External validity

Answer 7

The extent to which we can generalize our sample’s results to the entire population and to real life situations

Question 8

Meta-analysis

Answer 8

integrate the findings from many different studies of the same phenomenon

Question 9

Case studies

Answer 9

an in-depth investigation a specific event/person

natural observations rather than studying specific variables

Question 10

Correlational research

Answer 10

measure variables without manipulating any of them

Question 11

What demonstrates association?

Answer 11

Correlational research

Question 12

Longitude studies

Answer 12

Studying participants over a long period of time

Question 13

Between Group Comparision

Answer 13

comparing two or more groups on some variable

e.g., if the variable is gender, we could compare men, women, and nonbinary individuals

Question 14

Epidemiology

Answer 14

The study of the distribution of disorders in a population and possible correlates

Question 15

Lifetime prevalence

Answer 15

the proportion of people who will develop a disorder at some point during their life

i.e., 20.6% of individuals will develop depression at some point in their lives

Question 16

Prevelence

Answer 16

The total number of active cases

i.e., 10% of people have COVID-19 right now

Question 17

Incidence

Answer 17

the number of new cases within a specified period of time

i.e., there were 1 million new cases of COVID-19 in the past year

Question 18

Ethical consideration

Answer 18

Informed consent
Freedom from coercion
Protection from harm
Debriefing
Deception 
Risk-benefit analysis
Confidentiality

Question 19

Abstract

Answer 19

summary of overall study

Question 20

Abstract

Answer 20

summary of study

Question 21

Methodology

Answer 21

What kind of study did they do and how was it set up?