lec 18 - travelling with teams Flashcards
what is travellers diarrhea
digestive tract disorder
classically e.coli
diagnosed by clinical presentation
common in developing countries
caused by contaminated food/water
what are the symptoms of travellers diarrhea
malaise, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever
dehydration = main concern
what is the treatment for travellers diarrhea
stay hydrated, rest, antibiotics if severe
how to prevent travellers diarrhea
watch what you eat and drink
don’t swin in potentially contaminated water
keep mouth closed showering
use bottled water to brush teeth
dukoral = vaccine to help prevent
what is hepatitis
inflammation of liver
most often caused by viral infection
can be acute or chronic - can lead to long term conditions
what is hep A
acute infection
doesn’t become chronic
generally recover within a few months
commonly from contaminated food/water
vaccine available
what is hep B
blood borne infection
begins as acute - can sometimes become chronic
vaccine available
what is hep C
blood borne infection
starts as acute - usually becomes chronic
causes long term liver conditions
what are the symptoms of hepatitis
fever, fatigue, joint / abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, loss of appetite
what is the prevalence of hep A, B, and C
hep A = developing world (africe/india)
hep B = risk elevated in africa, asia, some of SA, northern canada and greenland
hep C = risk elevated in africa, asia, middle east, higher risk in NA (relative to other forms of hep)
what is a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
occurs when blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins
usually in lower legs
can be life threatening
can occur without noticeable symptoms
what can cause a DVT
anything that prevents blood from circulating normally
(limited mvmt, bed rest, injury / surgery)
what are the signs and symptoms of DVTs (if present)
swelling, pain, red or bluish skin, feeling warmth in the affected leg
how is a DVT diagnosed
history, physical, US imaging, venography, MRV
blood test = d dimer elevated
what is the treatment and recovery for a DVT
treatment = blood thinners, clot busters, filters, compression socks
recovery = weeks to months
what is a pulmonary embolism (PE)
severe and life threatening complication of DVT
clot from DVT breaks off from vein and travels through the bloodstream, stops in the lungs, blocking blood flow
what are the signs and symptoms for a PE
sudden shortness of breath, chest pain / discomfort
feeling lightheaded, dizzy, fainting
rapid pulse
coughing up blood
low BP
sweating / fever
leg pain / swelling
how is a PE diagnosed
history and physical
blood tests, chest xray, CT, MRI, US of legs, pulmonary angiography
what is the treatment and recovery for a PE
treatment = blood thinners for at least 3 months, clot busters, filters, surgery (rare)
recovery = hospital for a few days, recovery for weeks to months
what are the risk factors for DVTs and PEs
trauma
slow blood flow
birth control pills
pregnancy
chronic illnesses
inherited blood clotting disorder
history / family history
age
obesity
how do you prevent DVTs and PEs
avoid staying still for long periods
stay hydrated
wear loose fitting clothing when travelling
know about risk of clotting
stay active
what is jet lag
physiologic changes when the body shifts to a new time zone
what are the symptoms of jet lag
episodic symptoms
- poor sleep, day time fatigue, trouble concentrating, poor performance
what is travel fatigue
physiologic, psychologic, and environmental effects of a long journey, or accumulated travel over a season
