lec 18 - travelling with teams

Question 1

what is travellers diarrhea

Answer 1

digestive tract disorder
classically e.coli
diagnosed by clinical presentation
common in developing countries
caused by contaminated food/water

Question 2

what are the symptoms of travellers diarrhea

Answer 2

malaise, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever
dehydration = main concern

Question 3

what is the treatment for travellers diarrhea

Answer 3

stay hydrated, rest, antibiotics if severe

Question 4

how to prevent travellers diarrhea

Answer 4

watch what you eat and drink
don’t swin in potentially contaminated water
keep mouth closed showering
use bottled water to brush teeth
dukoral = vaccine to help prevent

Question 5

what is hepatitis

Answer 5

inflammation of liver
most often caused by viral infection
can be acute or chronic - can lead to long term conditions

Question 6

what is hep A

Answer 6

acute infection
doesn’t become chronic
generally recover within a few months
commonly from contaminated food/water

vaccine available

Question 7

what is hep B

Answer 7

blood borne infection
begins as acute - can sometimes become chronic

vaccine available

Question 8

what is hep C

Answer 8

blood borne infection
starts as acute - usually becomes chronic
causes long term liver conditions

Question 9

what are the symptoms of hepatitis

Answer 9

fever, fatigue, joint / abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, loss of appetite

Question 10

what is the prevalence of hep A, B, and C

Answer 10

hep A = developing world (africe/india)
hep B = risk elevated in africa, asia, some of SA, northern canada and greenland
hep C = risk elevated in africa, asia, middle east, higher risk in NA (relative to other forms of hep)

Question 11

what is a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 11

occurs when blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins
usually in lower legs
can be life threatening
can occur without noticeable symptoms

Question 12

what can cause a DVT

Answer 12

anything that prevents blood from circulating normally
(limited mvmt, bed rest, injury / surgery)

Question 13

what are the signs and symptoms of DVTs (if present)

Answer 13

swelling, pain, red or bluish skin, feeling warmth in the affected leg

Question 14

how is a DVT diagnosed

Answer 14

history, physical, US imaging, venography, MRV
blood test = d dimer elevated

Question 15

what is the treatment and recovery for a DVT

Answer 15

treatment = blood thinners, clot busters, filters, compression socks

recovery = weeks to months

Question 16

what is a pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 16

severe and life threatening complication of DVT
clot from DVT breaks off from vein and travels through the bloodstream, stops in the lungs, blocking blood flow

Question 17

what are the signs and symptoms for a PE

Answer 17

sudden shortness of breath, chest pain / discomfort
feeling lightheaded, dizzy, fainting
rapid pulse
coughing up blood
low BP
sweating / fever
leg pain / swelling

Question 18

how is a PE diagnosed

Answer 18

history and physical
blood tests, chest xray, CT, MRI, US of legs, pulmonary angiography

Question 19

what is the treatment and recovery for a PE

Answer 19

treatment = blood thinners for at least 3 months, clot busters, filters, surgery (rare)

recovery = hospital for a few days, recovery for weeks to months

Question 20

what are the risk factors for DVTs and PEs

Answer 20

trauma
slow blood flow
birth control pills
pregnancy
chronic illnesses
inherited blood clotting disorder
history / family history
age
obesity

Question 21

how do you prevent DVTs and PEs

Answer 21

avoid staying still for long periods
stay hydrated
wear loose fitting clothing when travelling
know about risk of clotting
stay active

Question 22

what is jet lag

Answer 22

physiologic changes when the body shifts to a new time zone

Question 23

what are the symptoms of jet lag

Answer 23

episodic symptoms
- poor sleep, day time fatigue, trouble concentrating, poor performance

Question 24

what is travel fatigue

Answer 24

physiologic, psychologic, and environmental effects of a long journey, or accumulated travel over a season

Question 25

what are the symptoms of travel fatigue

Answer 25

can be acute but are usually chronic and cumulative
- persistent fatigue, recurrent illness, mood changes, loss of motivation