lec 14 - iron deficiency + RED-S Flashcards
what is the structure of hemoglobin
4 polypeptide chains (globin)
each of the 4 has a heme molecule with an O2 attached
what are the 4 iron containing proteins
ferritin
transferrin
hemoglobin
myoglobin
what is ferritin
iron storage protein
found in liver, spleen, and bone marrow
serum ferritin = amount of iron stored in organs
what is transferrin
iron binding protein
transports iron in the blood
produced in liver, brain, and testes
what is hemoglobin
iron containing protein in RBCs
carries O2 and returns CO2
what is myoglobin
iron containing protein in muscles
transports O2 to mitochondria of muscle cells
helps metabolic actions of muscles
what are the iron stores in males and females
males = 55 mg/kg
females = 45 mg/kg
what is iron deficiency
depletion of bodys iron stores and restriction of iron supply
reduction in the body’s O2 transport capacity
reduction in oxidative capacity at the cellular level
is iron deficiency common
yes
prevalence is higher in athletes than gen pop
what are the 3 stages of iron deficiency
pre latent iron deficiency (iron storage depletion)
latent iron deficiency (iron deficiency erythropoiesis)
anemia (iron deficiency anemia)
what is pre latent iron deficiency
iron stores in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow are depleted
non anemic iron deficiency
what is latent iron deficiency
erythropoiesis is impaired
iron supply to cells is reduced
non anemic iron deficiency
what is anemia
hemoglobin synthesis falls
anemic iron deficiency
all levels low
what are the levels of serum ferritin in all 3 stages of iron deficiency
- low
- low
- low
what are the levels of transferrin saturation in all 3 stages of iron deficiency
- normal
- low
3, low
what are the levels of hemoglobin in all 3 stages of iron deficiency
- normal
- normal
- low
how can you tell if its anemia or not
ID without anemia
- low ferritin but normal hemoglobin
- ferritin = <30ug/L
anemia
- low ferritin AND low hemoglobin (Hb)
- females Hb = <120 g/L
- males Hb = <130 g/L
what are the 2 biggest signs of iron deficiency in athletes
fatigue and poor athlete performance
what are other signs of iron deficiency
weakness
pale skin
light headedness
cold hands and feet
fast heartbeat
shortness of breath
what is the prevalence of iron deficiency
affects 20-25% of the worlds pop
- higher prevalance in developing countries
- higher prevalence of iron deficiency without anemia than iron deficiency anemia
what athletes are at risk for iron deficiency
endurance athletes - due to volume of training and amount of food needed to recover
athletes with disordered eating
vegetarians - iron better absorbed from animal based foods
medical conditions
what are the exercise induced mechanisms for iron loss in athletes
hemolysis - RBC destruction (travel faster and through more capillaries)
hematuria - RBCs in urine
sweating
GI bleeding
injuries
what is the possible treatment for iron deficiency
iron rich diet
iron supplements (side effects associated)
- first step should be diet
hwo can you improve iron absorption
pair heme and non heme iron sources
include vit C rich foods with iron irch foods
have iron in the morning, shortly after exercise
- hepcidin (regulates iron levels) is low in the morning
