lec 10 - common injuries Flashcards
what is apophysitis
growth based repetitive injury due to overloads at the growth plate
- pulling on the growth plate that can cause an overproduction of bone
- ex = severs, osgood schlatters
what is PARS
adolescent low back injury
- load going through spine with repeated extension and rotation
- creates a stress response that can lead to a fracture
what is synovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane at the joints
what is chondromalacia
inflammation and degenerative changes of articular cartilage under the patella
- bone can be revealed in severe cases (lead to sclerosis)
what is chronic compartment syndrome
exercise induced condition
- due to repetitive impact activity / overloading
- swelling and increased pressure causing reduced blood flow and pain
where does chronic compartment syndrome occur
most commonly in the lower legs
- any of the 4 compartments can be affected
what is the primary risk factor for repetitive injuries
load management and recovery problems
what is important in the treatment of repetitive injuries
not only managing the injury ]
essential to address the factors that have contributed to the development of the injury
educate about training loads and pathologies
what are prevention strategies for repetitive injuries
strength training major muscle groups regularly
gradually increase training load
cross training
correct form and technique
sleep, rest days, nutrition
proper equipment - mainly footwear
what is another name for shin splints
medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)
what is MTSS
pain (diffuse) and inflammation along middle to distal third of the posteromedial aspect of tibia
(periosteal inflammation)
what are the risk factors for MTSS
female, high BMI, training load errors
usually over pronation of foot and external tibial rotation
what is the treatment for MTSS
alternative training
correction fo malalignment and training problems
exercise therapy - strength and flexibility
what are the symptoms of tibial stress fracture
focal pain (localised)
significant pain when running, often disappears during rest, returns when activity starts again
what are the risk factors for tibial stress fracture
females (especially with abnormal / absent menstrual cycles)
diet problems
what is the treatment of tibial stress fracture
crutches / brace
alternative training
when pain free - add in progressive training (deload first until symptom free)
what are the risk factors for low back pain
previous back injury
family history of MBP
anatomical structure of the spine
improper technique
overloading the structures of the spine
sleep deficits, nicotine, stress
what % of the general pop and athletes will experience low back pain in their lifetime
general pop = 85% (up to 20-30% can become persistent)
athletes = 1-94%
what is DDD
degenerative disk disease
- typically age realted
- heavy stress to the spine
- intervertebral disc degenerates
what is the most common sporting injury
ankle sprain
80% of ankle injuries are caused by what
sudden inversion / supination
what are the structures put under stress in a lateral ankle sprain
ATFL, PTFL, CFL, peroneal tendons
what is the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain
sudden excessive supination and/or inversion
occurs 130-180ms after initial foot contact
what is the grading system for ankle sprain
grade 1 = partial rupture of ATFL, PTFL, or CFL
grade 2 = total rupture of one of the 3 of partial rupture of 2
grade 3 = total rupture of 2
