Learning goal 8 - Health Care Systems Flashcards
What are the six building blocks of a healthcare system?
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Which actors participate in a healthcare system?
- the patient
- the frontline care providers (health care professionals and family)
- organization infrastructure and resources (hospital)
- environment, insurers, research
What are the different types of healthcare systems?
- Beveridge model
- Bismarck model
- the national health insurance model
- out of pocket model
What is the Beveridge model?
Government financing & low costs
- The government is responsible for financing and providing health care through taxes.
- Doctors are government employees.
- Funding comes from one source (government) which can control what the doctors charge.
What is the Bismarck model?
- It uses private insurance agencies
- they need to accept all citizens without discrimination and are run as non-profits.
- the insurance company is not benefiting financially
What is the National Health Insurance model?
It is a combination of the Beveridge and Bismarck model.
- uses private-sector providers, but payments come from government insurance programs which every citizen pays into. (taxes)
- no financial motive/profit
- The single-payer has market power
- Limits the medical services they will pay for, by making patients wait to be treated (waitlist)
What is the out-of-pocket model?
- when a nation is too poor and disorganized to provide any kind of mass medical care.
- rich -> medical care. poor ->sick and die
- They may have access to a village healer using home remedies.
- they pay with items instead of money.
Why is a health care system important?
- promoting and maintaining health
- preventing and managing diseases
- reducing unnecessary disability and premature death
- achieving health equity for all.
What is Universal Health Coverage? (UHC)
- to receive the health services they need without suffering financial hardships.
- quality health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.
- Access the services that address the most significant causes of disease and death.
-Quality of the services is good enough to improve the health of the people who receive them.
-Protecting people from the financial consequences of paying for health services out of their own pockets reduces the risk that people will be pushed into poverty.
Which 3 main bodies determine the health system and it’s governance?
- state (governmental organizations)
- health service providers
- the citizen who becomes a service user when they interact with health service providers
What are the major components of a healthcare system?
- the patient
- the frontline care providers (health care professionals and family)
- organization infrastructure and resources (hospital)
- environment, insurers, research
What are the 3 primarily elements / essentials for a health care system?
- health promotion and wellness
- integrated primary healthcare
- family and care provider health education
What would be a way to achieve universal health coverage?
- primary health care
What is primary health care?
- it centers the needs and circumstances of individuals, families, and communities
- it addresses physical, mental, social health, and wellbeing
What are the five primary methods of funding health systems?
- general taxation tot he state/country/muncipality.
-national health insurance
- voluntary or private health insurance
- Out-of-pocket payments
- donations to charities
