LATG Ch 12 Immunology

Question 1

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.

Answer 1

macromolecules on cell surfaces recognized as self

Question 2

self-recognition

Answer 2

MHC proteins play a major role in immunity and in the recognition of cells and tissues as self or foreign,

Question 3

antigens

Answer 3

pathogen cell proteins

Question 4

Nude mouse

Answer 4

No thymus- no tcells

Question 5

SCID

Answer 5

Lack t and bcells

Question 6

XID

Answer 6

xlinked immune deficiency- defective bcells

Question 7

Beige

Answer 7

defective natural killer cells

Question 8

allograft

Answer 8

A transplant from one individual to another of the same species with a different genotype. (Allo means “other.”)

Question 9

xenograft

Answer 9

A transplant from one species to a different species. (Xeno means “foreign.”)drugs

Question 10

isografts

Answer 10

tA graft of tissue that is obtained from a donor genetically identical to the recipient. (Iso means “equal.”)

Question 11

graft vs. host disease

Answer 11

recognize the graft as foreign and will mount an immune response to reject the transplant.

Question 12

Primay immuno

Answer 12

First response to antigen- needs time to build anibodies and memory is an innate error of metabolism or an inherited genetic disease. For example, an athymic nude mouse lacks a thymus and therefore lacks T lymphocytes (T cells). There are also inherited diseases in which a certain class of antibody is not synthesized or the cell-mediated response does not work correctly.

Question 13

What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

chronic immune complex diseases

Answer 14

accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in the bloodstream.

Question 15

Which component of the innate immune system coats the surface of invading organisms to facilitate their attack by the macrophages

Answer 15

complement proteins

Question 16

Which cell type is a component of the innate immune system?

Answer 16

phagocytes

Question 17

cells of the immune system develop into plasma cells

Answer 17

Bcells

Question 18

antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells

Answer 18

Bcells

Question 19

Which cells are the first to recognize the presence of bacterial antigens and release chemical signals to immune cells in other locations

Answer 19

Phagocytes

Question 20

What is typical of a secondary (anamnestic) immune response

Answer 20

The serum titer rises to a higher level than during the primary response

Question 21

dendritic cells

Answer 21

Present anitgets to Th cells

Question 22

AIDS is an example of which type of disease

Answer 22

secondary immunodef.

Question 23

The major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC) are found on the surface of which cells?

Answer 23

Tcells

Question 24

Macrophages

Answer 24

antigen presenting cells

Question 25

Athymic mice

Answer 25

Primary immunodef.

Question 26

interferons

Answer 26

interfere with viral replication, heighten the immune response of surrounding cells, and stimulate the activity of immune cells (such as macrophages).

Question 27

IgG

Answer 27

The most abundant immunoglobulin in serum; found only in mammals. Only IgG can cross the placenta; in humans and rabbits, it is responsible for protecting the fetus and the newborn animal in the first few weeks of life before the neonate’s own immune system develops. However, in some species such as ungulates, little IgG is transmitted to the fetus in utero. Colostrum (first milk) is rich in IgG, so it is important for newborns of these species to receive colostrum and thus immunity

Question 28

IgM

Answer 28

The second most abundant type of serum antibodies in mammals; also present in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. IgM is a large antibody and is mostly confined to the blood. IgM is the first immunoglobulin class to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn and the first antibody to be detected in response to an initial exposure to an antigen.

Question 29

IgA

Answer 29

The predominant type of antibodies found in mammalian body secretions (bile, tears, saliva, colostrum) and in the fluids which bathe the mucous membranes of the intestines, lungs, and urinary tract. IgA is resistant to digestion and attacks pathogens that contact the body surface, are ingested, or are inhaled.

Question 30

IgE

Answer 30

Found on the cell membranes of basophils and mast cells in mammals. Although IgE is typically found in low concentration, it triggers the most powerful immune reactions and is associated with immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as allergic reactions and asthma. Levels of IgE increase during parasitic infections.

Question 31

IgD

Answer 31

IgD is almost exclusively found in the membranes of B cells, where it may have a role in these cells’ activation. However, mice lacking IgD seem to retain normal immune responses.

Question 32

IgY

Answer 32

A class of antibody occurring in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. It is equivalent to IgG in mammals. Egg yolk is rich in IgY; thus, chicken eggs are a common source of antibody used in immunological studies.

Question 33

Secondary immunodeficiency disease

Answer 33

is an acquired condition—a consequence of infectious diseases, cancer, aging, poor nutrition, or drug therapy with corticosteroids, anticancer drugs, and certain antibiotics, for example.