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LATG > Ch 8 Biochem/nutrition > Flashcards

Ch 8 Biochem/nutrition Flashcards

Biochem

1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

energy source like cellulose (supportive structure in plants)

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2
Q

Monosaccharides

A

simple sugars; building blocks of other carbohydrates- glucose; fructose’ galactose; ribose
FRUGLURI

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3
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 Monosaccharides (sugars)- maltose; sucrose; lactose

SMALA

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4
Q

oligosaccharides

A

3-10 monos linked-

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5
Q

polysaccharides

A

hundreds mono combined to form large compound- can be bound to proteins or lipids (grains) starch and glycogen

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6
Q

Glucose

A

Dextrose; converted to glycogen energy storage

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7
Q

glycoproteins

A

compound of carbohydraes and proteins

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8
Q

glycolipids

A

oligosaccharide attached to lipid

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9
Q

starch and glycogen

A

polysaccharides; amylose is starch in plants; digestible and hydrolyzed into simple sugars

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10
Q

cellulose

A

a polysaccharide used by plants as their structural material (starch)

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11
Q

Blood types are characterized by the carbohydrate portions of _______ on the surface of cells and the carbohydrate portion of serum _______.

A

glycolipids, glycoproteins

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12
Q

Lipids

A

(fats, oils, and waxes) insoluble in water but soluble in some organic solvents; such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids;plasma membrane and form a sheath called myelin around many nerves..

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13
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Long lipid chains carbon/hydrogen;

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14
Q

Glycerides

A

Mono, di and triglycerides

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15
Q

nonglycerides

A

steroids; cholesterol

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16
Q

complex lipids

A

lipoproteins and glycolipids

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17
Q

fatty acids

A

organic acids consisting of hydrocarbon chains either saturated or nonsaturated

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18
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

all carbons are bonged to 2 hydrogen’s and carbons at one end is methyl group CH3 and other end carbon is bonded to O and a hydroxyl group -OH > known as a carboxyl (-COOH) stearic acid

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19
Q

monosaturated

A

If the chain contains one double bond, it is called monounsaturated.

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20
Q

unsaturated

A

the carbons attached to the double bond have one less hydrogen, thus a total of one hydrogen each; animal fats contain 60% unsat. fatty acids

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21
Q

polyunsaturated

A

there are multiple double bonds between carbons- Linoleic acid

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22
Q

linoliec and linolenic acid

A

essential fatty acids

23
Q

skin and coat problems

A

abnormal metabolism of fatty acids

24
Q

triglycerides

A

glycerol and three fatty acids; main constituents of animal fats (butter, red meat); help solubilize fatty acids so they can be carried in blood and distributed; insoluble in blood

25
Q

cholesterol

A

part of group of lipids called steroids- measure lipid metabolism- insoluble in blood

26
Q

Lipoprotein

A

triglycerides and cholesterol attached to proteins; transport trigly. and chol. from intestines to other tissues; can transport internally synthesized tri and chol. between tissues or to liver. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), transport cholesterol in the bloodstream

27
Q

bile

A

emulsifies lipids to be absorbed

28
Q

A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a

A

glycolipid

29
Q

Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of which condition or disease state

A

lipemia

30
Q

Proteins

A

make up fibers in muscle; coating in viruses; keratin and collagen examples

31
Q

Enzymes

A

chemical reactions; lipase (example) digest fats; proteases digest proteins;

32
Q

Regulatory proteins

A

control gene expression; inflammatory response; replication

33
Q

transport proteins

A

membrane proteins

34
Q

amylase

A

Digests starches and polysaccharides

35
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins,

36
Q

peptides

A

chains of amino acids

37
Q

polypeptides

A

longer chains of amino acids

38
Q

essential amino acids

A

cannot be produced by the body.

39
Q

Taurine

A

specific to cats and ferrets

40
Q

vitamins

A

serve as chemical partners to enzymes in a variety of cellular reactions

41
Q

water soluble

A

vitamin B and C

42
Q

lipid soluble

A

vitamins A, D, E, and K

43
Q

synthesized by body

A

D, K, and the B vitamin biotin

44
Q

microminerals

A 
calcium (Ca),
phosphorus (P),
magnesium (Mg),
sodium (Na),
potassium (K),
chlorine (Cl), and
sulfur (S).
45
Q

microminerals

A 
calcium (Ca),
phosphorus (P),
magnesium (Mg),
sodium (Na),
potassium (K),
chlorine (Cl), and
sulfur (S).
46
Q

Fiber

A

cellulose and hemicellulose

47
Q

Which micromineral is an important component of Vitamin B12?

A

cobalt

48
Q

The deficiency of which essential micromineral results in anemia and fatty degeneration of the liver

A

cobalt

49
Q

Fixed formulation

A

combination of ingredients is fixed such that every batch of formula made will have the exact same level of each ingredient as the previous lot

50
Q

managed formulation

A

accounts for this natural ingredient variation by allowing small differences in ingredient inclusion from one batch of diet to another. The goal of a managed formulation is to maintain the same level of nutrition (protein, fat, etc.) over time

51
Q

The roles of cell-to-cell communication and self-recognition by the immune system are fulfilled by:

A

glycoproteins

52
Q

Which carbohydrate consists of two glucose units bound together?

A

maltose

53
Q

Mono and disaccharides

A

Sugars

54
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrates and starches- can be bound to proteins for cell components.

LATG (18 decks)

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