Labs Flashcards
RBC
If lower than normal; anemia may be present. This may lead insufficient supply of oxygen to the body. If above normal, Polycythemia Vera (overproduction of RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets and results in increased blood viscosity and platelet dysfunction (wouldn’t clot as well) may be present
Normal range of RBC
M) 4.5-5.5 F) 4.9-5.0
Symptoms of high levels of RBC:
dehydration, cigarette smoking, congenital heart disease, pulmonary fibrosis, renal call carcinoma, polycythemia vera
Symptoms of low levels of RBC:
bleeding, anemia, malnutrition, overhydration, hemolysis, erythpoietin deficiency, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, porphyria, thalassemia (blood disease padded down by family), sickle cell anemia
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
is the portion component of RBC, makes the blood look bright as it is made with iron. High levels are present in smokers and people living in high altitudes because it’s the bones compensatory mechanism in response to low supply of oxygen. Low hemoglobin may be present in a variety of disease like sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
Symptoms of high level hgb
dehydration, cigarette smoking, polycythemia vera, tutors, erythropoietin abuse, lung disease and blood droping
Symptoms of low level hgb
nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, renal problems, sickle cell anemia, bone marrow suppression, leukaemia, lead poisoning, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hematocrit
also known as packed cell volume or PCV. Reflects the volume of RBC in the whole blood. Results are dependent on size, structure, and total # of RBC’s. Hematocrit is helpful in diagnosing blood disease, nutritional deficiencies and hydration status
High level hematocrit
dehydration, hypoxia, cigarette smoking, polycythemia vera, tumors, erythropoietin abuse, lung disease, blood doping, erythcytosis, for purmonale
Low levels hematocrit
over hydration, nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, bone marrow suppression, leukaemia, lead poisoning Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chemotherapy
Platelet count
known as thrombocytes. They calculate in the bloodstream and bind together to form a clot over the damaged blood vessel. Determining platelet count is vital in assessing pt’s for tendencies of bleeding and thrombosis
High platelet count
cancer, allergic reactions, polycythemia vera, recent spleen removal, chronic myelogenous leukaemia, inflammation, secondary thrombocytosis
Low platelet count
viral injection, aplastic anemia, leukaemia, alcoholism, vit. b12, and folic acid deficiency, systemic lupus erythmatosus, hemolytic uremic condition, DIC, vasculitis, sepsis, splenic sequestration, cirrhosis
WBC
also known as leukocytes which defend the body against infections and other foreign bodies. In general, there are five types of white blood cells - neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
High levels of WBC’s
infection, smoking, leukaemia inflammatory disease, tissue damage, several physical or mental stress
Low levels of WBC’s
autoimmune disorder, bone marrow deficiencies, viral disease, liver problems, spleen problems, lithium, several bacterial infections
Renal panel
a group of tests that may be performed together to evaluate kidney (renal) function. The tests measure levels of various substances, including several minerals, electrolytes, proteins, and glucose (sugar), in the blood to determine the current status of the kidneys
What does the renal panel consist of:
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Blood era nitrogen, creatinine
Liver panel
hepatic function panel is a group of 7 tests used to evaluate the liver of injury, infection, or inflammation. The liver plays important roles: it stores energy from food, makes proteins, and helps remove toxins. The liver also makes bile, a fluid that helps in digestion
Liver panel includes:
Albumin, bilrubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphates, alanine aminotransferase
Urinalysis
it cannot directly pinpoint the disease, often used as a supportive examination in dx illnesses. A standard Urinalysis involved 3 stages - visual examination, dipstick test and microscopic count
Visual exam for UA
inspected for color, cloudiness and door. Urine is usually clear but it’s cooler may be affected by certain meds and food. If cloudiness and unpleasant door are present, there might be infection in the UT system
What color of urine is normal
clear to dark
