Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
A biologically active catalyst is known as a(n)
Enzyme
Enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering activation energy
Cells
The cristae of a mitochondrion are formed from folds in the _____ membrane
Inner
Cells
folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Cristae
Lab 3
Cell cycle is divided into what four main phases?
G1, S, G2, and M.
Lab 3
What phases in the cell cycle are interphase?
G1, S, G2,
Lab 3
Growth and normal metabolic roles
-
G1
Lab 3
A phase when a cell makes (synthesizes) a duplicate copy its nuclear DNA.
S phase
Lab 3
Cell double checks duplicated chromosomes for error
-makes an any needed repairs
G2 Phase
Lab 3
Rough ER
Smooth ER
**Rough ER:
**protein production by ribosomes
Smooth ER:
synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids
carbohydrate metabolism
detoxification of drugs and poisons**
Rough- Ribo
Smooth- skin, skin is fat, fat=lipid, fat= eating CARBS (Ca
a system of interconnected channels called cisternae
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
The site for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
What lacks ribosomes?
Smooth ER
A package of enzymes
Lysosomes
double unit membraned organelles specialized for synthesizing ATP
Mitochondira
folds of inner membrane of mitochondria
Cristae
Which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S Phase
Centromeres divide in two. Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles.
Anaphase
Chromosomes condense. Nuclear membrane disappears. Centrioles migrate to opposite sides.
Prophase
Chromosomes align in midline. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores. Aster fibers attach to plasma membrane.
Metaphase
Chromosomes gather at each pole. Chromatin disappears. Nuclear membranes appear. Mitotic spindles vanish.
Telophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Toward the Ventral Side
Anterior
Toward the Dorsal Side
Posterior
Above/ Below
Superior/ Inferior
Medial
Toward the median Plane
Lateral
Away from the median plane
Proximal/
Distal
Closer to the point of attatchment/
Farther from the point of attatchment
Ipsilateral/
Contralateral
On Same side of body/
On opposite Sides of body
Superficial/
Deep
Closer to the body surface/
Farther from body surface
The Chin is (____) to the nose
Inferior
The index finger is (_____) to the ring finger
The Skin is (____) to the muscles
Superficial
The buttocks is (____) to the pubis
Posterior
The middle toe is (_____) to the little Toe
Medial
The
The elbow is (_____) to the humerus (bicep bone)
Distal
The muscles are (____) to the skin
Deep
The hip is (______) to the knee
Proximal
Left hand is (____) to the right hand
contralateral
Transverse
seperates upper/lower
Sagittal Plane
Seperates left/right
Coronal Plane
Seperate front/back
Double layered protective membrane
Serous membrane
-In reference to a body wall
-On the Body Cavity Wall
ex: on the abdominal wall in the cavity around heart
Parietal
Serous membrane of heart
Pericardium
Peritoneum
Serous membrane of the abdomen
Visceral
-In reference to an interal organ
-On the organ (Surface)
Ex: Surface of the Lung/Stomach
Serous membrane of the lungs
Pleura
Area formed by two serous membranes
serous cavity
The heart is located in a small cavity called the
Pericardial
The_______covers the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity.
Visceral Peritoneum
The plane at the top of the hips separates the abdominal cavity from the_______ Cavity
Pelvic
The lubricating substance in body cavities is called
Sereous Fluid
The large medial area of the chest that divides left & right pleural cavities is called the
mediastinum
The muscle that divides the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavities is the
Diagraphm
The outer layer of a serous membrane is the
Parietal Layer
Cranial Cavity
(Dorsal)
Brain
Vertebral Canal
(Dorsal)
Spine
On chest (contain Pleural and Pericardial)
Abdominopelvic Cavity contain….
Abdominal Cavity +
Pelvic Cavity
(Fill in the blank)
4 primary tissues of the body
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Epithalia classified into 2 categories
Simple vs.
Stratified
Simple: every cell touches the basement membrane
Stratified: some cells rest on top of other cells and do not contact the basement membrane.
Simple Tissie
forms tubules in kidney
Simple Cuboidal (kidney tubule)
cells are a single layer of square or even round cells.
found in the alveoli (lungs)
Simple Squamous
Pseudostratified Columnar (trachea)
(found in the epidermis
(thick skin on the palms of hand & soles of the feet
,** thin skin** elsewhere)
keratinized stratified squamous
Found just inside all openings of the body
Non keratinized Stratified Squamous
Dense Regular (tendon)
Dense Irregular (dermis of skin)
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibro Cartilage
c
Compact (Cortical) bone
(Dry ground bone)
Spongy (Cancellous or Trabecular) bone
Cell Shape: Stratified
stretches & relaxes
limited to the urinary tract (lining of the bladder
Transitional epithelium
What cell shape forms the top layer of skin
startified squamous epithelium
lines urinary bladder
transitional epithelium
single layer of tall cells that contain goblet cells
simple columnar epithelium
cells of different size all resting on basement membrane
pseudostratified epithelium
Epithelium that stretches and relaxes is ____________________ epithelium.
Transitional
What forms serous membrane
simple squamous epithelium
stratified squamous
associated with hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
The layers of skin from deep to superficial are:
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin )
Stratum corneum
only found in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
produces sebum
Sebaceous gland
gland associated with pheromones
Apocrine sweat gland
protein that waterproofs the skin
Keratin
. surface of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
fingerlike dermal projections into the epidermis
Papillae -
layer of stem cells
Stratum basale
|stra- CELLS , be-STEM
deepest layer of the dermis, contains dense irregular tissue
Reticular layer
Subcutaneous layer is the layer below the _____
layer below the dermis
A. layer found only in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
gland associated with thermoregulation
Merocrine sweat gland
The primary tissue found under the epithelium is
connective tissue.
Epithelium that stretches and relaxes is
transitional epithelium