Chapter 2: Atoms, Ions, Molecules Flashcards
Average atomic mass
Mass of both protons + neutrons
DIFFERENT ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT
Isotopes
Same protons and electron, differing neutrons
Ions
Charged atom
Cations/Anion
What mass in an electron
1/8000 of a proton/ neutron
Electrostatic attractions between cations/ anions
Ionic Bonds
sharing electrons between atoms of two or more elements.
Covalent Bonds
-2 atoms** share electrons equally, **
-atoms of the same element, or almost equally,
ex: hydrogen bonds to carbon.
Non Polar Covalent Bonds
atoms of different elements that share electrons unequally.
Polar Covalent Bond
O - O and C - H
nonpolar bonds
share electrons equally
O – H is a _______ bond (in water, H2O)
polar
share electrons unequally.
Hydrogen bonds occur
between (polar/nonpolar) molecules
Polar
attraction between partially positively charged hydrogen atom and a part
individually weak but collectively strong
-influences how water molecules behave
Hydrogen bonds occur
attraction between water molecules
Cohesion
inward pull of water molecules at the surface
Surface Tension
attraction of water molecules for substances other than water.
Adhesion
Water’s high specific heat and high heat of vaporization helps body with that?
maintain a normal body temperature (it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds).
measure of hydrogen ion concentration [H+]
pH
Solutions with H+ > OH–
pH < 7
(Acidic)
equall concentration of H+ and OH
neutral
Solutions with OH– > than H+
pH>7
(Basic)
Moving from one increment to next is a (_________)
fold change
E.g., a pH of 6 has 10 times greater concentration of H+ than pure water
4 Primary Classes of lipids
triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids
eicosanoids
most common form of lipid in living things
Triglycerides
generally used for long-term energy storage
Triglycerides
structural support, cushioning, and insulation
Triglycerides
2 Classes of Nucleic Acids
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
single stranded nucleic acid
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
polymers formed from nucleotide monomers.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
3 Components of the Nucleotide
Sugar: 5- pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
polymers that differ in the number and sequence of 20 different amino acid monomers arranged in a unique linear sequence.
Proteins
