Chapter 6: Integument System Flashcards by Kristen Fuentes

Cutaneous membrane is also called the ___

Integument System

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ncludes both the skin +
(nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands).

Integument System

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Epidermis - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis -dense irregular connective tissue

Layers of the Integument

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Layers of the Integument

Epidermis -keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis -dense irregular connective tissue

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-Avascular

-gets nutrition from the capillaries in the dermal papillae

Epidermis

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cell type: keratinocytes is in what integument layer

Epidermis

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(the most abundant cell type)

keratinocytes

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produce melanin
shields the DNA from UV radiation

melanocytes

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shields the DNA from UV radiation

melanocytes

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called Merkel cells (sensitive to touch)

tactile cells

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what cell initiates the immune response?

+ in what layer of epidermis ?

epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)

(In Stratum Spinosum)

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(only in “thick skin” of palms and soles)

stratum lucidum

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Layers (strata) from deep to superficial:

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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Palms of hands, soles of feet
has five epidermal strata
has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands (but has sweat glands)

Thick skin

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covers most of the body (lacks a stratum lucidum)
4 strata

Thin Skin

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has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands (but has sweat glands)

Thick skin

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2 Layers of Dermis

Papillary layer (Areolar CT)
Reticular layer (deeper) (Dense irregular CT)

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Papillary layer of dermis is made of what type of tissue?

Areolar connective tissue

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Reticular layer of dermis is made of what type of tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue

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Papillary layer has projections called

, dermal papillae

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has projections called , dermal papillae

Papillary layer

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collagen and elastic fibers oriented in tension lines

Lines of Cleavage:

(in dermis)

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pads and protects the body
acts as an energy reservoir
provides thermal insulation

Subcutaneous Layer

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Areolar and adipose CT are apart of what Layer

Subcutaneous Layer

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metabolic regulation: UV light promotes Vit D3 (cholecalciferol) production -increases absorption of calcium and phosphate

Functions of the Integument

increases absorption of calcium and phosphate

Functions of the Integument

free edge nail body nail root

3 parts of Nail Plate

free edge nail body nail root

Layer of living epidermis covered by nail body

Nail Bed

# (Structure of Nail) active growing part of nail

Nail Matrix:

(Structure of Nails)

Nail Bed: layer of living epidermis covered by nail body Nail Matrix: active growing part Lanula: Nail folds Eponychium (cuticle) Hyponychium:

Lanugo: Vellus Terminal Hair

Three types of hair

Lanugo (Type of Hair 1 of 3))

fine downy hair appears in the last trimester

Lanugo (Type of Hair)

\ fine hair primary human hair found on upper and lower limbs

Vellus: (Type of hair)

Vellus: (Type of hair 2 of 3))

**Fine hair **primary human hair found on upper and lower limbs | (Peach fuzz)

Terminal Hair (Type of hair 3 of 3)

coarse found on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and men’s beards during puberty terminal hair replaces vellus hair in axillary and pubic regions

Hair bulb Root Shaft

3 zones along length of a hair

the portion of the hair deep to the skin surface

Root

The portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surfacet

Shaft

Hair Matrix Medulla Arrector pili muscles Cortex: Cuticle:

(Hair Components)

What hair component that produces more cells

Hair Matrix

smooth muscles that can contract to elevate the hair (**goosebumps**)

Arrector pili muscles

# (For Exocrine Glands) Two Most Common Types of Glands

Sweat & Sebaceous glands

2 types of Sweat Glands

Merocrine Apocrine sweat glands

Type of Sweat Gland that: -Secrete sweat -most numerous and widely distributed produced by exocytosis

Merocrine Glands | (Type of Sweat Gland)

Type of Sweat Gland that: -Discharge secretions into hair follicles in axillae, around nipples, in pubic & anal regions -Start producing secretions during puberty

Apocrine sweat glands

# Type of Exocrine Gland : Holocrine glands Discharge sebum onto hair follicles, lubricant for skin & hair, bacterialcidal active during puberty

Sebaceous glands

# Type of Exocrine Gland: Located in the external ear canal produce cerumen (earwax) traps foreign material lubricates the external acoustic meatus and eardrum

Ceruminous glands

Where is the Ceruminous gland located

external ear canal

-blood clot forms and leukocytes clean wound (macrophages & neutrophils) -blood vessels re-grow and granulation tissue forms (vascular CT initially forms in wound)

Stages of Wound Healing

Dermis has how many layers?

2 (Papillary and Reticular)

Lunula