Chapter 6: Integument System Flashcards
Cutaneous membrane is also called the ___
Integument System
ncludes both the skin +
(nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands).
Integument System
Epidermis - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis -dense irregular connective tissue
Layers of the Integument
Layers of the Integument
Epidermis -keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis -dense irregular connective tissue
-Avascular
-gets nutrition from the capillaries in the dermal papillae
Epidermis
cell type: keratinocytes is in what integument layer
Epidermis
(the most abundant cell type)
keratinocytes
produce melanin
shields the DNA from UV radiation
melanocytes
shields the DNA from UV radiation
melanocytes
called Merkel cells (sensitive to touch)
tactile cells
what cell initiates the immune response?
+ in what layer of epidermis ?
epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)
(In Stratum Spinosum)
(only in “thick skin” of palms and soles)
stratum lucidum
Layers (strata) from deep to superficial:
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
Palms of hands, soles of feet
has five epidermal strata
has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands (but has sweat glands)
Thick skin
covers most of the body (lacks a stratum lucidum)
4 strata
Thin Skin
has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands (but has sweat glands)
Thick skin
2 Layers of Dermis
Papillary layer (Areolar CT)
Reticular layer (deeper) (Dense irregular CT)
Papillary layer of dermis is made of what type of tissue?
Areolar connective tissue
Reticular layer of dermis is made of what type of tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Papillary layer has projections called
, dermal papillae
has projections called , dermal papillae
Papillary layer
collagen and elastic fibers oriented in tension lines
Lines of Cleavage:
(in dermis)
pads and protects the body
acts as an energy reservoir
provides thermal insulation
Subcutaneous Layer
Areolar and adipose CT are apart of what Layer
Subcutaneous Layer
metabolic regulation: UV light promotes Vit D3 (cholecalciferol) production
-increases absorption of calcium and phosphate
Functions of the Integument
increases absorption of calcium and phosphate
Functions of the Integument
free edge
nail body
nail root
3 parts of Nail Plate
3 parts of Nail Plate
free edge
nail body
nail root
Layer of living epidermis covered by nail body
Nail Bed
(Structure of Nail)
active growing part of nail
Nail Matrix:
(Structure of Nails)
Nail Bed: layer of living epidermis covered by nail body
Nail Matrix: active growing part
Lanula:
Nail folds
Eponychium (cuticle)
Hyponychium:
Lanugo:
Vellus
Terminal Hair
Three types of hair
Lanugo (Type of Hair 1 of 3))
fine
downy hair
appears in the last trimester
fine
downy hair
appears in the last trimester
Lanugo (Type of Hair)
\
fine hair
primary human hair
found on upper and lower limbs
Vellus:
(Type of hair)
Vellus:
(Type of hair 2 of 3))
**Fine hair
**primary human hair
found on upper and lower limbs
(Peach fuzz)
Terminal Hair
(Type of hair 3 of 3)
coarse
found on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and men’s beards
during puberty terminal hair replaces vellus hair in axillary and pubic regions
Hair bulb
Root
Shaft
3 zones along length of a hair
the portion of the hair deep to the skin surface
Root
The portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surfacet
Shaft
Hair Matrix
Medulla
Arrector pili muscles
Cortex:
Cuticle:
(Hair Components)
What hair component that produces more cells
Hair Matrix
smooth muscles that can contract to elevate the hair (goosebumps)
Arrector pili muscles
(For Exocrine Glands)
Two Most Common Types of Glands
Sweat & Sebaceous glands
2 types of Sweat Glands
Merocrine
Apocrine sweat glands
Type of Sweat Gland that:
-Secrete sweat
-most numerous and widely distributed
produced by exocytosis
Merocrine Glands
(Type of Sweat Gland)
Type of Sweat Gland that:
-Discharge secretions into hair follicles in axillae, around nipples, in pubic & anal regions
-Start producing secretions during puberty
Apocrine sweat glands
Type of Exocrine Gland :
Holocrine glands
Discharge sebum onto hair follicles, lubricant for skin & hair, bacterialcidal
active during puberty
Sebaceous glands
Type of Exocrine Gland:
Located in the external ear canal
produce cerumen (earwax)
traps foreign material
lubricates the external acoustic meatus and eardrum
Ceruminous glands
Where is the Ceruminous gland located
external ear canal
-blood clot forms and leukocytes clean wound (macrophages & neutrophils)
-blood vessels re-grow and granulation tissue forms
(vascular CT initially forms in wound)
Stages of Wound Healing
Dermis has how many layers?
2 (Papillary and Reticular)
Lunula
Lunula
Nail Folds
Eponychium
Cuticle
Hyponychium
What is Ceremun
Earwax
What cleans the wound after A blood Clot forms
leukocytes
Collagen and Elastic Fibers are located in the
Dermis
What tiissue forms after blood vessels regrow in the 2nd stage of Wound healing?
Granulation Tissue
What tissue initially forms in the wound?
vascular CT
metabolic regulation: UV light promotes Vit D3 (cholecalciferol) production
Function of the integument
cholecalciferol is also known as
Vitamin D3
Function of the integument-metabolic regulation: UV light promotes Vit D3 (cholecalciferol) production
