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A&P > Chapter 13: Brain + Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Brain + Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

4 Parts of the Brain

A

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Brainstem (3 parts)

Diencephalon

CCBD

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2
Q

3 Subparts of Brain Stem

A

midbrain
medulla oblongata
pons

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3
Q

folds of brain tissue

A

gyri

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4
Q

the shallow depressions between folds of brain tissue

A

sulci

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5
Q

The deeper grooves

A

fissures

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6
Q

Cranial meninges (From deep to superficial)

A
  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Dura mater:

(PAD)

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7
Q

inner most
thin layer of areolar CT

A

Pia mater

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8
Q

external to pia mater
subarachnoid space fill with CSF
made of a web of collagen and elastic fibers

A

Arachnoid mater

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9
Q

tough outer membrane

A

Dura mater

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10
Q

Located on midline and projects into longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri

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11
Q

(“tent” over the cerebellum)
separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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12
Q

What does the Tentorium cerebelli seperate?

A

Cerebellum from Occipital + Temporal

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13
Q

separates the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

A

Falx cerebelli

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14
Q

Provides Buoyancy

protects CNS by providing a liquid cushion

keeps CNS environment stable (helps transport nutrients and wastes)

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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15
Q

What Reduces Brains weight?

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

What does Buoyancy do?

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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16
Q

What protects CNS by providing a liquid cushion

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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17
Q

keeps CNS environment stable (helps transport nutrients and wastes)

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid is formed by

what is it made of ?

A

choroid plexus-

layer of ependymal cells and blood capillaries

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19
Q

layer of ependymal cells and blood capillaries (choroid plexus) layers the what?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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20
Q

The choroid plexus forms what

(made of ependymal cells and blood capillaries)

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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21
Q

origin of all complex intellectual functions

A

Cerebrum

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22
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres:

What do White matter tracts connect?

(at a few locations)

A

Hemispheres

corpus callosum: largest tract providing connection between them

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23
Q

What is the largest tract providing connection between Hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

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24
Q

5 Lobes of the Cerebrum

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula

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25
Q

functions

Motor control, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, personality
​

A

Frontal

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26
Q

functions: general sensory

A

parietal

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27
Q

functions: hearing and smelling

A

temporal

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28
Q

functions: vision and visual memories

A

occipital

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29
Q

functions: memory and sense of taste

A

insula

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30
Q

What Cortex?

Located within occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex

vision and visual memories

31
Q

located within temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex

32
Q

located within temporal lobe

….cortex (smell)
…cortex
….association area

A

primary olfactory cortex (smell)
primary auditory cortex
auditory association area

HEARING + SMELL

33
Q

located within temporal lobe
provides conscious awareness of smells

A

Primary olfactory cortex

34
Q

located within insula
involved in processing taste information

A

primary gustatory cortex
33

35
Q

The central white matter contains three major groups of axons:

(Tracts)

A

projection tracts

association tracts

commissural tracts

36
Q

The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: 1/3

connect regions of cerebral cortex within SAME hemisphere

A

Association tracts

37
Q

The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: 1/3

commissures connect regions in different hemispheres

A

commissural tracts

38
Q

The central white matter contains three major groups of axons: 2/3

link cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and spinal cord

A

Projection tracts

39
Q

Specialized for language abilities, functions in categorization and analysis

A

Categorical hemisphere (usually the left)

40
Q

Cerebral Lateralization

specialized for language abilities, functions in categorization and analysis

Categorical hemisphere/ Respresentational hemisphere

A

Categorical hemisphere (usually the left)

41
Q

concerned with visuospatial relationships, imagination, comparison of senses

Categorical hemisphere/ Respresentational hemisphere

A

Representational hemisphere (usually the right)

42
Q

Left -
Right -

Categorical hemisphere/ Respresentational hemisphere

A

Left - Categorical hemisphere
Right -Representational hemisphere

43
Q

What Nucleus is this in?

lentiform nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
amygdaloid body (amygdala)

A

Caudate nucleus

44
Q

Expanded region at tail of caudate nucleus
functions in mood, emotions

A

Amygdaloid body (amygdala)

45
Q

Composition of epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

46
Q

Pineal gland and habenular nuclei
makes up what

A

epithalamus

47
Q

Epithalamus:

endocrine gland secreting melatonin
helps regulate day-night cycles, circadian rhythm

A

Pineal gland

48
Q

Part of epithalamus:

Helps relay signals from limbic system to midbrain

A

Habenular nuclei

49
Q

receives signals from all conscious senses except olfaction

50
Q

-Control of endocrine system

-Regulation of body temperature

-Emotional behavior
part of limbic system; controls emotional responses (pleasure, fear, etc.)

-Sleep-wake rhythms
superchiasmatic nucleus directs pineal gland to secrete melatonin, regulates circadian rhythms.

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Emotional behavior is apart of what system

A

Limbic system

52
Q

part of Hypothalamus:

What directs pineal gland to secrete melatonin, regulates circadian rhythms.

A

superchiasmatic nucleus

53
Q

The brainstem is composed of the

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

54
Q

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

makes up what

55
Q

Part of the midbrain:

What houses neurons producing dopamine

A

substantia nigra

56
Q

Midbrain:

what controls visual reflexes and traction

A

superior colliculi

57
Q

What controls auditory reflexes

A

inferior colliculi

58
Q

The pons contains what type of nuclei

A

superior olivary nuclei-

(helps with sound localization

59
Q

What helps with sound localization?

A

superior olivary nuclei

Located in the Pons*

60
Q

superior olivary nuclei is in what

A

The Pons

helps with sound localization

helps with sound localization

61
Q

What has convoluted surface with “folia” (folds)

A

Cerebellar cortex

Part of Cerebellum

outer gray matter

62
Q

Cerebellar cortex: outer gray matter

Arbor vitae: internal region of white matter

Deep cerebellar: nuclei of gray matter

A

Three Regions of Cerebellum

63
Q

In what region of the Cerebellum is there **outer gray matter **

A

Cerebellar cortex:

64
Q

In what region of the Cerebellum is there

internal region of white matter

A

Arbor vitae:

65
Q

In what region of the Cerebellum is there

nuclei of gray matter

A

Deep cerebellar

66
Q

What coordinates and fine-tunes movements

A

Cerebellum

67
Q

What coordinates and fine-tunes movements

-Ensures muscle activity follows correct pattern

-Adjusts movements initiated by cerebrum, ensuring smoothness

A

Cerebellum

68
Q

The emotional brain

A

Limbic System

69
Q

composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures that process and experience emotions

A

Limbic System

“emotional system”

70
Q

Cingulate gyrus:
Parahippocampal gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdaloid body:

is apart of what ?

A

Limbic System

71
Q

What part of the Limbic System helps for long term memories?

A

hippocampus

72
Q

In Reticular Formation:

What is the Sensory Component =

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

73
Q

processes sensory information, sends signals to cortex to bring about alertness (e.g. alarm clock)

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

74
Q

Interconnected component of Limbic System

A

cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus

A&P (18 decks)

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