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A&P > Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

Largest to smallest component

A

Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber
Myofibrils

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2
Q

3 connective tissue layers:

A

an outer epimysium (wraps a whole muscle):
a middle perimysium (wraps fascicle):
an inner endomysium (wraps an individual fiber):

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3
Q

1/3 connective tissue layers:

outer epimysium wraps around what

A

an outer epimysium (wraps a whole muscle):

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4
Q

a middle perimysium wraps around what

A

wraps fascicle

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5
Q

an inner endomysium wraps around what?

A

muscle fiber

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6
Q

Attachments of muscle to bone

What are cordlike structure of dense regular connective tissue

A

Tendons

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7
Q

thin, flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue

A

Aponeurosis

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8
Q

Parts of a muscle cell:

Bundle of Myofilaments

A

Myofibirils

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9
Q

Parts of a Myofibiril:

Thick filaments

A

Myosin

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10
Q

Parts of a Myofibiril:

Myosin Filaments are Thin or Thick?

A

Thick

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11
Q

Parts of a Myofibiril:

Thin Filaments

A

Actin

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12
Q

Parts of a Myofibiril:

Is Actin Thin or Thick?

A

Thin

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13
Q

2 Regulatory Proteins of Thin Filament

A

Tropomyosin
Troponin

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14
Q

internal membrane complex similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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15
Q

blind sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal Cisternae

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16
Q

What serves as reservoirs for calcium ions (Ca2+)

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Myofilaments are arranged in repeating, functional units called

A

Sarcomeres

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18
Q

Part of Sacromere:

What are at the ends of Sacromeres

A

Z Discs

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19
Q

Part of Sacromere:

What do Z Discs do

(At the end of Sacromeres)

A

(anchors the thin filaments)

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20
Q

Part of Sacromere:

Light-appearing regions that contain only thin filaments

A

I-bands
(remember L I G H T band)

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21
Q

Part of Sacromere:

Dark-appearing region that contains thick filaments & overlapping thin filaments

A

A-band (remember D A R K band)

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22
Q

Part of Sacromere:

central portion of A band (only thick filaments)

A

H zone

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23
Q

Part of Sacromere:

middle of H zone

A

M line (mid line)

attachment site for thick filaments

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24
Q

Part of Sacromere:

attachment site for thick filaments

A

M line

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25
Q

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

allows storage of oxygen used for aerobic ATP production

A

Myoglobin

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26
Q

motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates and controls.

A

Motor unit

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27
Q

location where a motor neuron innervates a muscle fiber.

A

Neuromuscular junction

28
Q

What houses synaptic vesicles

A

Synaptic Knob

29
Q

small sacs filled with neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Synaptic vesicles

30
Q

Synaptic Vesciles are filled with what

A

neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)

31
Q

What has Ca2+ pumps in plasma membrane

A

Synaptic knob

32
Q

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are located in the

A

membrane

33
Q

Ca2+ flows into cell (down concentration gradient) releasing what

A

neurotransmitters

34
Q

What has many ACh receptors

A

Motor end plate

35
Q

Locate Synaptic Cleft

A
36
Q

What happens just after Na+ channels open,

A

they close and voltage-gated K+ channels open

37
Q

When Na+ pushes K+ out what happens?

A

It repolarizes the cell

38
Q

Sarcomere: Crossbridge Cycling :

When Ca2+ binds to what , it triggers crossbridge cycling

A

troponin

39
Q

Step 1:

When Ca2+ binds to troponin, it triggers what

A

crossbridge cycling

“Cocked position” Mysosin Head binds to Actin forming “CrossBridge”

40
Q

troponin and tropomyosin move so what is exposed?

A

Actin

41
Q

What moves so Actin is exposed?

A

troponin and tropomyosin

42
Q

Crossbridge cycling: has how many steps

A

4 repeated steps

43
Q

Step 1:

What happens at Crossbridge formation?

A

myosin head attached to exposed binding site on actin

44
Q

+Step 2:

What happens at Power Stroke?

A

myosin head pulls thin filament toward center of sarcomere

+ADP and Pi release

45
Q

What releases during Power Stroke (Step 2:)

A

ADP and Pi release

46
Q

Step 3:

What happens at the Release of myosin head

A

ATP binds to myosin head causing its release from actin

47
Q

Step 3:

What binds to Myosin Head?
What does it do from there?

A

ATP binds to myosin head causing its** release from actin**

48
Q

Step 4:

What happens during the Myosin head Reset

A

ATP split into ADP and Pi by myosin ATPase
provides energy to “cock” (reset) the myosin head

49
Q

Step 4:

during the Myosin head Reset ATP splits into what

A

ADP and Pi by myosin ATPase

50
Q

during the Myosin head Reset ATP, it provides energy to what

A

to “cock” the myosin head

51
Q

Criteria for Classification of Muscle Fiber Types

A

Type of contraction generated (power, speed, duration)

52
Q

[Fast-twitch fibers are more powerful and have quicker and briefer contractions than what

A

Slow-twitch fibers

53
Q

The increase in muscle tension that occurs with an increase in stimulus intensity.

A

Recruitment (multiple motor unit summation

54
Q

Increasing the stimulus frequency without increasing the voltage leads to:

A

wave summation (temporal summation):

55
Q

wave summation (temporal summation):

wave summation (temporal summation):

A

relaxation is not completed between twitches
contractile forces add up to produce higher tensions

56
Q

regions that contain only thin filaments

A

I-bands

57
Q

Recruitment changes_____

A

Voltage

58
Q

what innervates and controls muscle fibers

A

Motor Unit

59
Q

What triggers cross bridge cycling

A

Ca2+ bins to Troponin

60
Q

What is located on the membrane?

A

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

61
Q

Step 4:

ATP split into ADP and Pi by what?

A

myosin ATPase

62
Q

Type of contraction generated (power, speed, duration) is the criteria for classification of What?

A

Muscle Fiber Types

63
Q

ADP and Pi are released during what Step?

A

Step 2:

myosin head pulls thin filament toward center of sarcomere. ADP and Pi are released (PowerStroke)

64
Q

Step 4:

What provides energy to reset the Myosin Head ?

A

ATP is split into ADP and Pi by Myosin ATPhase

65
Q

What flows into cell (down concentration gradient) releasing Neurotransmitters?

A

Ca2+

66
Q

relaxation is not completed between twitches
contractile forces add up to produce higher tensions

A

wave summation (temporal summation):

A&P (18 decks)

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