Lab Midterm Review Flashcards
What are the categories of taxonomic classification?
Kingdom Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is an unrooted diagram?
Simple diagram displaying relationships between members of the set, but NOT evolutionary direction
What is a rooted diagram?
Diagram showing relationships AND evolutionary sequence
What is a rooted phylogram?
Diagram showing relationships, evolutionary sequences and the amount of differences between the members in the set
What is systematics?
The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
How do fungi consume food?
- They are heterotrophic so they cannot produce their food
- They secrete digestive enzymes that break down dead organic matter into smaller organic and inorganic components
- They are saprobic
What is a mastigomycota?
Produce flagellated spores and contain cellulose in cell walls
Ex. Chytrids or Water Molds
What is an amastigomycota?
Produce nonmotile spores and contain chitin in cell walls
Ex. Yeasts or Mushrooms
What is a deuteromycota?
Terrestrial; sac and club fungi
Also known as imperfect fungi
Ex. Parasitic Fungi or Pathogenic Fungi
Why are fungi not considered plants?
Fungi lack chlorophyll
What are diatoms? What supergroup do they belong to?
- Are photosynthetic, single- celled organism
- They are a major group of algae and form one of the most common forms of phytoplankton
- Join the myriad of organisms that drift on currents in the upper layers of the ocean and lakes.
- Supergroup: Chromalveolata
What are unikonts?
Have a flagellum is present it is single and at the posterior end of the cell
What are bikonts?
Have two or more flagellae inserted into the anterior end of the cell
What is the key feature of protists that belong to the Rhizaria supergroup?
These are amoeboid have shells and pseudopods
What is the key feature of protists that belong to the Plantae supergroup?
These protists have lost their mitochondria
What is Giardia lamblia? And which supergroup does it belong to?
- Giardia lamblia is a two nuclei, intestinal parasite, can be contracted by drinking untreated water
- Supergroup: Excavates
What are chromalveolates? What are the subgroups that belong to this supergroup?
- Chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote
- Include very important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms and brown algae
- Subgroups: alveolates and stramenopiles
Describe the excavata supergroup.
- Are a supergroup of protists that are defined by an asymmetrical appearance with a feeding groove that is “excavated” from one side; it includes various types of organisms which are parasitic, photosynthetic and heterotrophic predators.
- Many have modified mitochondria, No electron transport chain, Use anaerobic pathways to receive energy
What is the difference between mold and slime mold?
Mold
-Cell walls composed of chitin
Slime Mold
-Cell walls made of cellulose
Know characteristics of green algae. Which supergroup do they belong to?
- Divided into 3 lines: Siphonous, Tetrasporine and Colonial
- Supergroup: Chlorophyta
What is a volvox?
- A kind of green algae that is the culmination of the colonial line
- Connected by protoplasmic strands
- Each colony has a anterior and posterior, they can either be male or female
- Reproduction limited to few gonidia
What are male reproductive organs and female reproductive organs of green algae called?
Male reproductive organs
-Antheridia
Female reproductive organs
-Oogonium
What is the method of reproduction by Ulothrix?
Asexual Reproduction
-Vegetative cell contents round up and form zoospores
Sexual Reproduction
-Vegetative cell contents round up and form gametes
What are the three different types of Oedogonium?
Two groups (based on distribution of sex organs)
-Dioecious species: Has M & F strands
-Macrandrous: Strands same diameter
-Nannandrous: Male strand is smaller
Monoecious species: Antheridia and Oogonia on same strand
What are the methods of reproduction by spirogyra?
- Asexually it reproduces by fragmentation. The vegetative filament breaks into smaller fragments. Each fragment grows and produces a longer filament.
- Sexual reproduction occurs by a process known as conjugation, in which cells of two filaments lying side by side are joined by outgrowths called conjugation tubes
What are the 5 eukaryotic supergroups?
Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Unikonts and Plantae
Are protists & fungi eukaryotic?
Yes
What are gymnosperms? What is unique about their seeds?
Gymnosperms: Vascular seed-producing plants
Their seeds do not develop into flowers and their ovules are exposed
What are angiosperms? What is unique about their seeds?
Angiosperms: Vascular seed-producing plants
Their seeds have the ability to develop into fruits and flowers and their ovules are protected by ovaries
What is an Archegoniophore
An outgrowth of the thallus that holds the female organs (archegonia)
What is a gemma cup?
- Ovoid outgrowths from the surface of the thallus
- Surrounded by a cup formed by the thallus
- Connected to the thallus by one cell
What is an Antheridiophore?
The outgrowth bearing the antheridia
