Lab Midterm Review

Question 1

What are the categories of taxonomic classification?

Answer 1

Kingdom Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 2

What is an unrooted diagram?

Answer 2

Simple diagram displaying relationships between members of the set, but NOT evolutionary direction

Question 3

What is a rooted diagram?

Answer 3

Diagram showing relationships AND evolutionary sequence

Question 4

What is a rooted phylogram?

Answer 4

Diagram showing relationships, evolutionary sequences and the amount of differences between the members in the set

Question 5

What is systematics?

Answer 5

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 6

How do fungi consume food?

Answer 6

• They are heterotrophic so they cannot produce their food
• They secrete digestive enzymes that break down dead organic matter into smaller organic and inorganic components
• They are saprobic

Question 7

What is a mastigomycota?

Answer 7

Produce flagellated spores and contain cellulose in cell walls
Ex. Chytrids or Water Molds

Question 8

What is an amastigomycota?

Answer 8

Produce nonmotile spores and contain chitin in cell walls

Ex. Yeasts or Mushrooms

Question 9

What is a deuteromycota?

Answer 9

Terrestrial; sac and club fungi
Also known as imperfect fungi
Ex. Parasitic Fungi or Pathogenic Fungi

Question 10

Why are fungi not considered plants?

Answer 10

Fungi lack chlorophyll

Question 11

What are diatoms? What supergroup do they belong to?

Answer 11

• Are photosynthetic, single- celled organism
• They are a major group of algae and form one of the most common forms of phytoplankton
• Join the myriad of organisms that drift on currents in the upper layers of the ocean and lakes.
• Supergroup: Chromalveolata

Question 12

What are unikonts?

Answer 12

Have a flagellum is present it is single and at the posterior end of the cell

Question 13

What are bikonts?

Answer 13

Have two or more flagellae inserted into the anterior end of the cell

Question 14

What is the key feature of protists that belong to the Rhizaria supergroup?

Answer 14

These are amoeboid have shells and pseudopods

Question 15

What is the key feature of protists that belong to the Plantae supergroup?

Answer 15

These protists have lost their mitochondria

Question 16

What is Giardia lamblia? And which supergroup does it belong to?

Answer 16

• Giardia lamblia is a two nuclei, intestinal parasite, can be contracted by drinking untreated water
• Supergroup: Excavates

Question 17

What are chromalveolates? What are the subgroups that belong to this supergroup?

Answer 17

• Chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote
• Include very important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms and brown algae
• Subgroups: alveolates and stramenopiles

Question 18

Describe the excavata supergroup.

Answer 18

• Are a supergroup of protists that are defined by an asymmetrical appearance with a feeding groove that is “excavated” from one side; it includes various types of organisms which are parasitic, photosynthetic and heterotrophic predators.
• Many have modified mitochondria, No electron transport chain, Use anaerobic pathways to receive energy

Question 19

What is the difference between mold and slime mold?

Answer 19

Mold
-Cell walls composed of chitin
Slime Mold
-Cell walls made of cellulose

Question 20

Know characteristics of green algae. Which supergroup do they belong to?

Answer 20

• Divided into 3 lines: Siphonous, Tetrasporine and Colonial

- Supergroup: Chlorophyta

Question 21

What is a volvox?

Answer 21

• A kind of green algae that is the culmination of the colonial line
• Connected by protoplasmic strands
• Each colony has a anterior and posterior, they can either be male or female
• Reproduction limited to few gonidia

Question 22

What are male reproductive organs and female reproductive organs of green algae called?

Answer 22

Male reproductive organs
-Antheridia
Female reproductive organs
-Oogonium

Question 23

What is the method of reproduction by Ulothrix?

Answer 23

Asexual Reproduction
-Vegetative cell contents round up and form zoospores

Sexual Reproduction
-Vegetative cell contents round up and form gametes

Question 24

What are the three different types of Oedogonium?

Answer 24

Two groups (based on distribution of sex organs)
-Dioecious species: Has M & F strands
-Macrandrous: Strands same diameter
-Nannandrous: Male strand is smaller
Monoecious species: Antheridia and Oogonia on same strand

Question 25

What are the methods of reproduction by spirogyra?

Answer 25

• Asexually it reproduces by fragmentation. The vegetative filament breaks into smaller fragments. Each fragment grows and produces a longer filament.
• Sexual reproduction occurs by a process known as conjugation, in which cells of two filaments lying side by side are joined by outgrowths called conjugation tubes

Question 26

What are the 5 eukaryotic supergroups?

Answer 26

Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Unikonts and Plantae

Question 27

Are protists & fungi eukaryotic?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What are gymnosperms? What is unique about their seeds?

Answer 28

Gymnosperms: Vascular seed-producing plants

Their seeds do not develop into flowers and their ovules are exposed

Question 29

What are angiosperms? What is unique about their seeds?

Answer 29

Angiosperms: Vascular seed-producing plants

Their seeds have the ability to develop into fruits and flowers and their ovules are protected by ovaries

Question 30

What is an Archegoniophore

Answer 30

An outgrowth of the thallus that holds the female organs (archegonia)

Question 31

What is a gemma cup?

Answer 31

• Ovoid outgrowths from the surface of the thallus
• Surrounded by a cup formed by the thallus
• Connected to the thallus by one cell

Question 32

What is an Antheridiophore?

Answer 32

The outgrowth bearing the antheridia