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GenBio II > Chapter 44: Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 44: Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Organismal ecology

A

Interested in adaptations that allow for organisms to live in different habitats.
Adaptations can be morphological, behavioral, or physiological.

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2
Q

Populations

A

Just one species together

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3
Q

Community

A

All diff species, fish & plants

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4
Q

Ecosystem

A

All species together plus environment type (water/sand)

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5
Q

Biosphere

A

Encompasses all ecosystems on Earth

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6
Q

Biomes

A

Grouping of ecosystems

Aquatic and terrestrial

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7
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living factors contributing to ecosystem

Ex. Sand, water etc.

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8
Q

Biotic

A

Living things contributing to ecosystem

Ex. Vertebrates, bacteria etc.

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9
Q

Biogeography

A

study of the distribution of living organisms across geographic space.

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10
Q

Endemic species

A

found in one very specific area, usually limited in size

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11
Q

Haze-cooling effect

A

Earths way of cooling after volcanic activity

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12
Q

Weather vs. Climate

A

Weather is atmospheric action in a day

Climate is weather over long periods of time

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13
Q

Conspecific

A

Same specific species in the same habitat

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14
Q

heterospecific

A

Different species living in the same habitat

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15
Q

Human impact

A

Overfishing
Destruction of habitats for development/agriculture
Pollution
Extermination of native animal & plant pop.

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16
Q

Reasons for global variation in climate

A
  1. Uneven heating of Earth surface by the sun
  2. Rotation of the earth on its axis.
    - Equator spins faster than the regions north & south of it
    - Prevailing winds that result distribute heat & moisture over the earth’s surface & drive ocean currents
  3. Properties of air, water, and land
17
Q

El Niño/enso

A

Occurs every 2 – 7 years
When a high-pressure weather system that is normally stable over the eastern Pacific Ocean breaks down, destroying the pattern of westward-blowing trade winds.
Increasing in strength

18
Q

Largest threats to coral reefs

A

Increased sea temperature Decreased pH
Increased disease (related to
increased temperature, human activity)
Direct human contact (boat strikes, improper use by divers and snorkelers, sunscreen)
Coastal development (run off, increased nutrients)

19
Q

Global Climate Change means

A

Global warming of atmosphere & Sea
Increased number & intensity of hurricanes
Sea Surface Level Rise
Ocean Acidification

20
Q

Hurricane needs

A
  1. Weather disturbance

2. Warm ocean temps

21
Q

Natural Effects of Global Climate Regulation

A
  1. Milankovitch Cycles
    - eccentricity
    - precession
    - obliquity
  2. Solar intensity
    - has decreased in recent years
  3. Volcanic activity
    • Haze Cooling Effect
22
Q

Eccentricity

A

The Shape of Earth’s orbit

23
Q

Precession

A

The direction Earth’s axis of rotation is pointed

24
Q

Obliquity

A

The angle Earth’s Axis is tilted with respect to Earth’s orbital plane
Has greatest effect on global climate
Increased tilt means increased solar intensity means increased global temps

25
Q

Milankovitch Cycles

A

Includes precession, eccentricity and obliquity

Obliquity having the greatest effect, however we according to our tilt, should be in a period of cooling

26
Q

Volcanic Activity

A

Can impact climate by the Haze-Cooling effect, but hasn’t decreased to a great extent
Volcanic activity cannot account for the climate alterations observed.

27
Q

Ecosystem Alterations

A

increased sea surface temperatures
increased atmospheric temperatures
decreased ocean pH
increased sea surface levels due to melting of glacial ice sheets

28
Q

Ocean acidification

A

The ocean is becoming more acidic

Acids will dissolve calcium carbonate in coral reefs

29
Q

Terrestrial biomes

A

Consistent sunlight
Not much seasonality
Deals w altitude and latitude
Forests, Deserts, Grasslands, Tundra

30
Q

Forest subtypes

A 
Tropical
Chaparral
Temperate 
Coniferous 
Deciduous
31
Q

Desert subtypes

A

Semi-arid
Hot/Dry
Cold
Coastal

32
Q

Grassland subtypes

A

Prairie (Temperate)

Savannah (Tropical)

33
Q

Aquatic Biomes

A

Phytoplankton drives ecosystem
Divided up by depth
Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

34
Q

Saltwater subtypes

A

Open ocean (pelagic)
Deep sea
Shallow Coastal habitats (coral reefs)

35
Q

Brackish subtypes

A

Saltwater into freshwater
Estuaries
Salt marshes

36
Q

Freshwater subtypes

A

Rivers/streams
Wetlands/swamps
Lakes/ponds

GenBio II (14 decks)

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