Chapter 45/46: Pop Dynamics/Eco Principles

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

the study of population abundance in varying age categories

Question 2

Quadrats

Answer 2

Set up in the field to determine the absolute number of individuals in an area

Question 3

Mark/Recapture

Answer 3

can assist with animals that are very mobile

Can help determine pop growth

Question 4

Life tables

Answer 4

examine abundance in various age classes

Variables can be calculated based on observed number of indv. in each class.

Question 5

Survivorship Curves

Answer 5

Humans type I K-selected
Birds type II
Trees type III R- selected

Question 6

Age Structure Diagrams

Answer 6

Younger ages determine trend

Question 7

Exponential Growth Curve

Answer 7

Growth rate of pop increases
Unrestricted growth
J curve

Question 8

Logistic Growth Curve

Answer 8

Rate accelerates then slows down after max growth reached
Restricted growth
S curve

Question 9

R selected species

Answer 9

Decreased parental care
Mature early
Lower longevity
More/smaller offspring

Question 10

K selected species

Answer 10

Increased parental care
Mature late 
Higher longevity 
Less/bigger offspring 
Humans

Question 11

Interspecific competition

Answer 11

Competition between two species for resources
Not direct but 1 species evolves to become more efficient than another at gaining resources
Lions and hyenas

Question 12

Intraspecific competition

Answer 12

Competition within the same species
Could be for mating or dominance
Lions vs lions

Question 13

Predation

Answer 13

When one species consumes another. This can also extend to plant/herbivore relationships

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

one species (the parasite) feeds off of another organism (the host).

Question 15

Mutualism

Answer 15

two species are both benefitted by the interaction.

Question 16

Invasive species development

Answer 16

Lack of predators
Lack of disease
New niches to exploit
Reduced competition from native species

Question 17

Tracking pop growth?

Answer 17

Demography
Quadrats
Mark/Recapture
Life tables
Survivorship curves
Age structure diagrams

Question 18

Density dependent characteristics

Answer 18

Food
Water
Shelter
Nesting Space
Mates
Build up of waste products
Affected by species pop size

Question 19

Density independent characteristics

Answer 19

Weather
Natural Disasters
Pollution

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

an interaction that benefits one but has little, if any, beneficial or harmful effect on the other

Question 21

Coevolution

Answer 21

when two species interact over long periods of time and changes in the gene pool of one species lead to changes in the gene pool of the other.

Question 22

Succession

Answer 22

the natural replacement of one biological community with another.
Frederic Clements discovered

Question 23

Primary succession

Answer 23

Succession from new land that has formed, usually starts on bare rock
Ex: New island formation from explosion and depositing of molten rock.

Question 24

Secondary succession

Answer 24

Succession on disturbed soil
Rebuilding of land
Ex: fires, windstorms, human agricultural activities

Question 25

Species richness

Answer 25

number of different species in a measurement

Question 26

Species evenness

Answer 26

relative abundance of the different species making up an area

Question 27

Diversity types

Answer 27

Species: number & abundance
Genetic: genetic material, variety
Ecological: variety of ecosyetms
Functional: bio & chem processes

Question 28

Keystone species

Answer 28

indicate a species whose effect on the community is disproportionately large relative to their abundance
Have large impact relative to biomass (Amy of organisms)

Question 29

Evolved predation patterns

Answer 29

Camouflage 
Chemical warfare
Warning coloration
Mimicry 
Behavioral strategies

Question 30

Ectoparasites

Answer 30

live on the outersurface of the host organism

Question 31

Endoparasites

Answer 31

live inside the host organism