Chapter 43: Reproductive System

Question 1

acrosomal reaction

Answer 1

series of biochemical reactions that the sperm uses to break through the zona pellucida

Question 2

asex reproduction

Answer 2

form of reproduction that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 3

blastocyst

Answer 3

structure formed when cells in the mammalian blastula separate into an inner and outer layer

Question 4

budding

Answer 4

form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals

Question 5

bulbourethral gland

Answer 5

secrete fluid that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation

Question 6

clitoris

Answer 6

sensory structure in females; stimulated during sexual arousal

Question 7

external fertilization

Answer 7

fertilization of egg by sperm outside animal body, often during spawning

Question 8

fission

Answer 8

(also, binary fission) method by which multicellular organisms increase in size or asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism splits into two separate organisms by mitosis

Question 9

fragmentation

Answer 9

cutting or fragmenting of the original animal into parts and the growth of a separate animal from each part

Question 10

hermaphroditism

Answer 10

having both male and female reproductive parts

Question 11

internal fertilization

Answer 11

fertilization of egg by sperm inside the body of the female

Question 12

labia majora

Answer 12

large folds of tissue covering the inguinal area

Question 13

labia minora

Answer 13

smaller folds of tissue within the labia majora

Question 14

menstrual cycle

Answer 14

cycle of the degradation and regrowth of the endometrium

Question 15

oogenesis

Answer 15

process of producing haploid eggs

Question 16

ovarian cycle

Answer 16

cycle of preparation of egg for ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum

Question 17

oviduct

Answer 17

(also, fallopian tube) muscular tube connecting the uterus with the ovary area

Question 18

oviparity

Answer 18

process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg

Question 19

ovoviviparity

Answer 19

process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk and the young are fully developed when they are hatched

Question 20

ovulation

Answer 20

release of the egg by the most mature follicle

Question 21

parthenogenesis

Answer 21

form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized

Question 22

penis

Answer 22

male reproductive structure for urine elimination and copulation

Question 23

placenta

Answer 23

organ that supports the diffusion of nutrients and waste between the pregnant person’s and fetus’ blood

Question 24

progesterone

Answer 24

reproductive hormone in females; assists in endometrial regrowth and inhibition of FSH and LH release

Question 25

prostate gland

Answer 25

structure that is a mixture of smooth muscle and glandular material and that contributes to semen

Question 26

scrotum

Answer 26

sac containing testes; exterior to the body

Question 27

semen

Answer 27

fluid mixture of sperm and supporting materials

Question 28

seminal vesicle

Answer 28

secretory accessory gland in males; contributes to semen

Question 29

seminiferous tubule

Answer 29

site of sperm production in testes

Question 30

Sertoli cell

Answer 30

cell in seminiferous tubules that assists developing sperm and makes inhibin

Question 31

sexual reproduction

Answer 31

mixing of genetic material from two individuals to produce genetically unique offspring

Question 32

spermatheca

Answer 32

specialized sac that stores sperm for later use

Question 33

spermatogenesis

Answer 33

process of producing haploid sperm

Question 34

testes

Answer 34

pair of reproductive organs in males

Question 35

testosterone

Answer 35

reproductive hormone in men that assists in sperm production and promoting secondary sexual characteristics

Question 36

uterus

Answer 36

environment for developing embryo and fetus

Question 37

vagina

Answer 37

muscular tube for the passage of menstrual flow, copulation, and birth of offspring

Question 38

viviparity

Answer 38

process in which the young develop within the female, receiving nourishment from the mother’s blood through a placenta

Question 39

zona pellucida

Answer 39

protective layer of glycoproteins on the mammalian egg