Chapter 43: Reproductive System Flashcards
acrosomal reaction
series of biochemical reactions that the sperm uses to break through the zona pellucida
asex reproduction
form of reproduction that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
blastocyst
structure formed when cells in the mammalian blastula separate into an inner and outer layer
budding
form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals
bulbourethral gland
secrete fluid that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation
clitoris
sensory structure in females; stimulated during sexual arousal
external fertilization
fertilization of egg by sperm outside animal body, often during spawning
fission
(also, binary fission) method by which multicellular organisms increase in size or asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism splits into two separate organisms by mitosis
fragmentation
cutting or fragmenting of the original animal into parts and the growth of a separate animal from each part
hermaphroditism
having both male and female reproductive parts
internal fertilization
fertilization of egg by sperm inside the body of the female
labia majora
large folds of tissue covering the inguinal area
labia minora
smaller folds of tissue within the labia majora
menstrual cycle
cycle of the degradation and regrowth of the endometrium
oogenesis
process of producing haploid eggs
ovarian cycle
cycle of preparation of egg for ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum
oviduct
(also, fallopian tube) muscular tube connecting the uterus with the ovary area
oviparity
process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg
ovoviviparity
process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk and the young are fully developed when they are hatched
ovulation
release of the egg by the most mature follicle
parthenogenesis
form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized
penis
male reproductive structure for urine elimination and copulation
placenta
organ that supports the diffusion of nutrients and waste between the pregnant person’s and fetus’ blood
progesterone
reproductive hormone in females; assists in endometrial regrowth and inhibition of FSH and LH release
prostate gland
structure that is a mixture of smooth muscle and glandular material and that contributes to semen
scrotum
sac containing testes; exterior to the body
semen
fluid mixture of sperm and supporting materials
seminal vesicle
secretory accessory gland in males; contributes to semen
seminiferous tubule
site of sperm production in testes
Sertoli cell
cell in seminiferous tubules that assists developing sperm and makes inhibin
sexual reproduction
mixing of genetic material from two individuals to produce genetically unique offspring
spermatheca
specialized sac that stores sperm for later use
spermatogenesis
process of producing haploid sperm
testes
pair of reproductive organs in males
testosterone
reproductive hormone in men that assists in sperm production and promoting secondary sexual characteristics
uterus
environment for developing embryo and fetus
vagina
muscular tube for the passage of menstrual flow, copulation, and birth of offspring
viviparity
process in which the young develop within the female, receiving nourishment from the mother’s blood through a placenta
zona pellucida
protective layer of glycoproteins on the mammalian egg
