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AHS 202 Medical Mircobiology > Lab Final: tests to study > Flashcards

Lab Final: tests to study Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Selective

A

inhibits the growth of certain organisms and thus selects for growth of another

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2
Q

Differential

A

distinguishes one microbe from another, usually by color

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3
Q

What plate is differential only?

A

BAP BLOOD AGAR PLATES

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4
Q

What plate is selective only?

A

PEA PHENY ETHYL ALCOHOL

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5
Q

What plate is both selective and differential?

A

MSA MANNITOL SALTS AGAR
D. MAC MacCONKEY AGAR
E. EMB EOSINE METHYLENE BLUE

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6
Q

What does BAP look for?

A

Hemolysis

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7
Q

Types of Hemolysis on a BAP?

A

Beta hemolysis = clear zone surrounding perimeter (see through)
Alpha hemolysis = olive green or brown colored zone
Gamma = no zone or no-hemolysis (non-hemolytic).

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8
Q

What makes PEA selective only?

A

Only Gram Positive bacteria grow on it
Examples:
Gram negative bacteria is prohibited by ETHYL ALCOHOL
STAPHYLOCCOCCI AND BACILLUS

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9
Q

What makes MSA selective and differential?

A

Selective: Salt (NaCl), Staphylococcus species (halophiles) will grow on this agar
Colonies= halophile (Staph species)
Differential: Mannitol sugars, Staph aureus ferments mannitol and turns the agar yellow
Yellow= mannitol fermenter

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10
Q

What makes MAC selective and differential?

A

Selective: only for Gram negatives organisms, gram positive inhibited by bile salts, crystal violet dye, and neutral red dye
Colonies = gram negative organisms
Differential: Lactose bonded to a pink dye
Pink colonies = lactose fermenters

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11
Q

What makes EMB differential and selective?

A

Selective: only for Gram negatives, gram positives are inhibited by Eosin Methyl Blue dye
Colonies = gram negative organisms
Differential: Lactose bonded to a pink dye
Purple color = lactose fermenter

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12
Q

What organism makes a green shine on and EMB plate?

A

E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella oxytoca

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13
Q

What is in a TSIA tube?

A

Slant = Sucrose and Lactose
Butt = glucose

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14
Q

What makes H2S present in TSIA?

A

Iron

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15
Q

What does an SIM tube test?

A

Sulfide, Indole, motility

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16
Q

What is the proper transport medium?

A

Stuart’s Transport Medium

17
Q

How much urine does a calibrated loop hold?

A

.001 mL or 1 microliter

18
Q

Urine specimen classification

A

0-9 = insignificant
10-99 = infection
>100= acute infection

19
Q

What do you multiply the colonies of a urine sample by?

A

1,000

20
Q

What reagent is used for a catalase test?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

What is catalase test used for?

A

Identifies the Gram (+) cocci genus Staphylococcus (any species) from the Gram (+) cocci genus Streptococcus (any species).

22
Q

Catalase test results

A

Bubbling is a (+) reaction =All Staphylococcus species
No bubbling is a (-) reactive = All Streptococcus species

23
Q

What is used in a coagulase test?

A

Rabbit plasma

24
Q

What is a coagulase test used for?

A

identifies Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis

25
Q

Coagulase test results

A

The presence of clotting is a positive reaction.(+) = S. aureus
The absence of clotting is a negative reaction. (-) = S. epidermidis

26
Q

What is the bacitracin test used for?

A

Gram-positive cocci is Catalase (-), it is a species of Streptococcus
specifically identifies Streptococcus pyogenes = Strep group A

27
Q

Bacitracin results

A

Zone of inhibition around bacitracin disk is positive for S. pyogenes
No Zone of inhibition means

28
Q

What is the CAMP test used for?

A

when the Bacitracin Test is (-) and the Streptococcus species is not S. pyogenes
test confirms Streptococcus agalactiae = Strep group B

29
Q

CAMP test result

A

Arrowhead clearing is (+) for the CAMP test. The pathogen is S. agalactiae
A negative CAMP test means that the Streptococcus is yet another Streptococcus species and not S. agalactiae

30
Q

What is the Oxidase test used for?

A

differentiate Gram-Negative rods of the Family Enterobacteriaceae from those organisms that are Non-Enterobacteriaceae

31
Q

Oxidase test results

A

Purple color = positive test = Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
No color = negative test = Family Enterobacteriaceae

32
Q

METHYL RED (MR) TEST results:

A

A red color is a positive (+) test result = acid was produced.
A yellow color indicates a negative (-) reaction

33
Q

What reagent is needed in a MR test?

A

Methyl Red Reagent

34
Q

VOGES PROSKAUER (VP) TEST

A

The cherry red color is Positive (+) = presence of acetoin, the product of the reaction from glucose fermentation .
A yellow color indicates a negative (-) reaction

35
Q

NUTRIENT GELATIN TEST: result

A

Gelatin is a liquid = Positive (+) for gelatinase

Gelatin is a solid = Gelatinase is absent (-)

36
Q

VOGES PROSKAUER (VP) TEST: reagents

A

Alpha-Naphthol Reagent, followed by KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) Reagent

AHS 202 Medical Mircobiology (17 decks)

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