Final Exam: Reproductive System Infections Flashcards
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Include diverse agents that can be transmitted by sexual contact
Any STI that causes lesions/ulcers or pronounced inflammation lead to increased risk for transmission of HIV or other bloodborne STIs
Urogenital infections
Infections and disorders that may jointly affect the urinary and reproductive systems
Genital herpes: Etiological agent Transmission
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
Unprotected oral sex can transmit HSV-1 to the genital area
Oral sex may transmit HSV-2 from the genitals to the mouth
Genital herpes: Signs, Symptoms and Complications
Causes an initial, severe outbreak of ulcers as quickly as three days after transmission
“Dewdrop on a rose petal” lesions
Causes persistent latent infections
Virus lies dormant in peripheral nerves near the area where lesions had developed
Greater risk for HIV
Genital Herpes: Treatment and Prevention
No cure
Acyclovir (antiviral medication) can shorten outbreaks and suppress flare-ups
Condoms do not provide full protection
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) : Characteristics
Most common STI in the world
HPVs are so common that almost every sexually active person will be infected with some type of HPV in their lifetime
HPVs: Signs, Symptoms and Complications
Most infections are asymptomatic
Types 6 and 11 are best known for causing genital warts
Types 16 and 18 are cancer causing
HPV causes ~90% of cervical cancers
Increased risk of cancer
HPVs: Treatment and Prevention
Self-resolving infection within 2 years
HPV vaccine
Pap smear screening: Cervical brush removes cervical cells for microscopic evaluation
Chlamydia - Bacterial STI
Gram-negative bacteria
Lives inside eukaryotic cells
Agent: Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia: Biovars
Trachoma: Some serovars target the eyes, Serovars D-K cause urogenital infections
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Trachoma
Blindness from trachoma is irreversible
Infection spreads through personal contact (via hands, clothes or bedding) and by flies that have been in contact with discharge
Chlamydia: Signs and Symptoms
In men: nongonococcal urethritis, dysuria, burning and itching of the penis, testicular swelling or pain, and discharge
In women: bleeding/spotting, dysuria, vaginal discharge with an odor, vaginal itching or burning, painful sexual intercourse, and pelvic pain with fever
Chlamydia: Complications
In men: chronic epididymitis (a highly convoluted duct behind the testis) and infertility
In women: pelvic inflammatory disease (inflammation of the female genital tract), accompanied by fever and lower abdominal pain and perinatal exposure
Chlamydia: Treatment
Relatively easy to cure with antibiotics
azithromycin (Z-PAK)– given as 2 or 4 tablets at once.
doxycycline – given as 2 capsules a day for a week
Gonorrhea: Etiological agent and Characteristics and transmission
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Sexually transmitted