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Bio 66 > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three categories of WASTE

A

Biohazarderous
Chemical
Regular

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of container in lab

A 
Sharps
General
Biohazard 
Chemical
Bleach
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3
Q

What is the coarse adjustment

A

Fine tunes the focus

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4
Q

What are the Apertures

A

Controls the amount of light

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5
Q

What is the magnification of the low power lens

A

4 x 10 = 40

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6
Q

What is the magnification of the high dry power lens

A

40 x 10 = 400

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7
Q

What is the magnification of the oil immersion lens

A

100 x 10 = 1000

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8
Q

List the conversions of meters starting from km

A 
1 km = 1000m (x1000)
1m = 100 cm (x100)
1cm = 10mm (x10)
1mm = 1000ym (x1000)
1ym = 1000nm (x1000)
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9
Q

What substance was used in the osmosis test

A

sucrose

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10
Q

What substance were used in the diffusion test

A

KMNO4

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11
Q

What are the two ways of mixing substances

A

Mechanical vortex

Finger vortexing

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12
Q

What substance was used in the concentration and tonicity test

A

red blood cells

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13
Q

How do you work out moles

A

grams / molecular mass

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14
Q

How do you work out molarity

A

moles of solute / L of solution

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15
Q

How do you work out Osmolarity

A

X by the amount of substances
e.g. glucose = 1
NaCl = 2

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16
Q

An area with higher osmolarity implies…

A

that water will move to that area

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17
Q

What are the 3 instruments used to record bioelectrical signals

A

EGC
EEG
EMG

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18
Q

What do amplifiers do

A

increased the amplitude of biological signals

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19
Q

Whats the relationship with V and sensitivity

A

The higher the V the lower the sensitivity

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20
Q

Whats the difference between DC and AC coupling and where does this occur

A 
DC = low frequency/constant
AC = high frequency/ fluctuating a lot
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21
Q

What is filtering

A

Unwanted low frequency is eliminated

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22
Q

What is involved in signal conditioning

A

Amplification and filtering

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23
Q

What are the 3 types of transducer

A

Mechnical
Pressure
Temperature

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24
Q

In the membrane potential test, what two substances are the membrane either permable to

A

Potassium

Choride

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25
Q

Nervous tissue refers to…

A

neurons

e.g. glial cells such as Schwann cells

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26
Q

Connective tissue provides

A

support, attaches organs, fills spaces and protection

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27
Q

Muscle tissue is also

A

contractile tissue

e.g. Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

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28
Q

Epithelial tissue does what

A

covers the body, lines cavities and forms glands

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29
Q

Examples of epithelial tissue are…

A

Squamous - simple + stratified
Cuboidal - cube like
Columnar - plain + ciliated

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30
Q

Concept of Osmolarity

A

number of particles X molarity of solute

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31
Q

What is proportional to osmolarity

A

osmotic pressure

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32
Q

Detergent is an example of

A

Amphipathic = non polar and polar

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33
Q

Chloroform is…

A

non polar

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34
Q

Veg oil is…

A

non polar

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35
Q

Water is…

A

Polar

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36
Q

KMNO4 is…

A

Polar

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37
Q

What signals can be directly fed into the powerlab unit

A

electrical signals - requires electrodes

38
Q

What are the 4 examples where a transducers must be used to convert electrical signals

A

Movement
Temperature
Muscle contraction
Blood pressure and pulse

39
Q

List the pathway of a biological signal

A

Physiological variable
Transducer
Amplifier
Display - Chart recorder/computer

40
Q

What is involved in signal conditioning

A

Amplification
Filtering
Zeroing

41
Q

What is zeroing

A

removal of unwanted background voltage

42
Q

What does AC signal mean

A

Alternating current

43
Q

In an AC signal, what are special about them and where do they come from

A

The signals are changing over time

They come directly from the tissue

44
Q

What is required with AC signals

A

A bio amplifier to enhance the signal

45
Q

EGG recieve signals from…

A

the head

46
Q

ECG recieve signals from…

A

the chest

47
Q

What does DC signal mean

A

Direct Signal

48
Q

In a DC signal, what is special and what do we require to use for them

A

The signals are slow and steady

They require the use of transducers

49
Q

What is the equation for BMP

A

Beats (beat) / Time (seconds) X 60 seconds / 1 min

50
Q

What are sensory receptors

A

Specialised cells or neurons that detect external and internal changes in the environment

51
Q

What do sensory receptors do to the stimulus

A

convert them to electrical impulses

52
Q

What is adaptation

A

during prolonged stimulus, the receptor becomes desensitised

53
Q

What is a membrane potential

A

the separation of charges across the membrane

54
Q

Reflexes involve 2 paths, what are they

A

Receptor

Effector

55
Q

What happens for distant vision

A

Ciliated muscles relax

Suspensory ligaments tighten

Lens thins

Sympathetic nervous pathway

56
Q

What happens for close vision

A

Ciliated muscles contract

Suspensory ligaments relax

Lens fatter

Parasympathetic nervous pathway

57
Q

What is Hyperopia? And what causes it and how to fix it

A

Farsightedness
Eyeball is too short and therefore image is focused behind the retina

Correct with a convex lens

58
Q

What is myopia? What causes it and how to fix it

A

Nearsightedness
Eyeball is too long and therefore image is focused in front of retina

Correct with concave lens

59
Q

What is astigmatism? What does it cause

A

Curvature of the lens is not uniform

Causes unfocused image

60
Q

What are the 3 main colours

A

Red
Green
Blue

61
Q

What is Jendrassik Maneuver? What does it result in

A

Exaggerated response due to decrease activity of inhibitory neurons

This results in increase activity of spinal cord neurons that will cause recruitment of more muscle fibers

62
Q

What type of lens is converging

A

Convex

63
Q

What type of lens is diverging

A

Concave

64
Q

2 point discrimination is detected by what receptors

A

Cutaneous

65
Q

What is the correlation between density of cutaneous receptors and sensation

A

Greater density = finer sensation

66
Q

What type of receptors are involved in referred pain

A

Nociceptors

67
Q

What allows us to feel referred pain

A

sensory neurons from different parts of the body converge onto the same neuron

68
Q

What is the Labyrinthine reflex

A

involves orientation of body during movement and maintains an equilibrium

69
Q

What detects angular acceleration

A

semicircular canals

70
Q

One semicircular canal detects…

A

horizontal movement = 30 degrees

71
Q

Two semicircular canals are…

A

vertical = 90 degrees

72
Q

What actually detects angular acceleration in the semi circular canals and how

A

Hair cells in the cupula

They bend causes depolarisation and send nerve impulses to brain

73
Q

What is the test called for the vestibular system

A

Barany chair

74
Q

What is the reflex response to movement in the vestibular system

A

Nystagmus

75
Q

What is nystagmus

A

eye movement in opposite direction

76
Q

What are the 4 mechanosensations

A

2 Point discrimination
Referred pain
Audiometer
Barany chair

77
Q

Name the two chemosensations

A

Taste

Smell

78
Q

What is edema

A

accumulation of fluids in the interstitial fluid due to improper osmotic pressure compared to blood plasma

79
Q

What controls the amount of light entering the eye

A

Iris

80
Q

What system dilates the Iris

A

Sympathetic

81
Q

What system constricts the Iris

A

Parasympathetic

82
Q

What is accomodation

A

The process associated with the eyes ability to change its lens to focus an image

83
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the eye

A

Sclera
Choroid
Retina

84
Q

What is visual acuity

A

the ability to discriminate detail

85
Q

What is the name of the test for visual acuity

A

Snellen Eye Test

86
Q

What is the test for astigmatism

A

Dark lines radiating from a central point

87
Q

What is the formula for visual acuity

A

V = d/D

88
Q

What is the name of the model used to study visual optics

A

Ingersoll eye model

89
Q

What is the test for colour blindness

A

Ishihara test

90
Q

What is the area called where the optic nerve and blood vessels are located in the eye and where there are no rods or cones

A

Blind spot

Bio 66 (22 decks)

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