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z_A&P I: BIO425 > Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key process by which oxygen and nutrients move into cells and waste products leave?

A

Diffusion

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2
Q

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from what to what?

A

High concentration to low concentration

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3
Q

There is a cube that measures 3cm x 3cm x 3cm.

What is the surface area of one side?

A

9cm2

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4
Q

There is a cube that measures 2cm x 2cm x 2cm.

What is the volume?

A

8cm3

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5
Q

There is a cube that measures 5cm x 5cm x 5cm.

What is the surface area?

A

150cm2

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6
Q

What is the formula to find the surface area of a cube?

A

L x W x # of sides

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7
Q

Should the surface area be squared or cubed?

A

squared

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8
Q

Should volume be squared or cubed?

A

Cubed

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9
Q

Regarding absorption:

What is the danger of a cell that is too small?

A

The molecules will pass in and out of the cell too quickly to absorb needed nutrients.

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10
Q

Regarding absorption:

What are the concerns with a cell that is too large?

A

Nutrients may take too long to reach the center of the cell.

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11
Q

Regarding absorption:

What are we looking for in a cell for best absorption?

A

A cell that is just the right size where nutrients and waste can enter and exit the cell in balance.

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12
Q

Regarding absorption:

What is the problem with a cell that has a high volume to surface area ratio?

A

It may not be able to absorb needed molecules fast enough.

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13
Q

Regarding absorption:

If a cell has a high volume to surface area, how could it increase its surface area to negate the negative effects?

A

Form microvilli to increase the surface area on the apical side.

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14
Q

In the agar cube experiment, what were some of the sources of possible error?

A
  • The size of the blocks may not perfectly measured and cut
  • Timing: When they are submerged and taken out must be at the same time for accurate comparison.
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15
Q

Name the main orgenelles of the cell with a brief explaination of its function.

A
  1. Nucleus: Duplicate DNA (Transcription)
  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth): Detoxifies alcohol
  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough): Creates proteins (houses the ribosomes that do it)
  4. Ribosomes: Create proteins (Translation)
  5. Golgi Complex: Tags, Bags and ships out proteins for intracellular or extracellular use
  6. Mitochondria: Produce energy (ATP)
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16
Q

What three ways can a cell be altered to increase its diffusion ability?

A
  1. Increase surface area
  2. Stretch it
  3. Form Microvilli
17
Q

What organelle prevents a squamous cell from being completely flat?

A

Nucleus

18
Q

For a cell to be specialized for energy production, what organelle would it need an abundance of?

A

Mitochondria

19
Q

For a cell to be specialized in protein production, what organelle would it need to have an abundance of?

A

Rough ER/Ribosomes

20
Q

For a cell to be specialized for detoxification, what organelle would it need an abundance of?

A

Smooth ER

21
Q

What functions are columnal and cuboidal cells good for?

A

Absorption and secretion

22
Q

To increase its absorption capability, a columnar cell would form what?

A

Microvilli (brush border)

23
Q

MIcrovilli are on what side of the cell?

A) apical side

B) basal side

A

Apical

24
Q

What is the process of cell division called?

A

Mitosis

25
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis?

A
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telaphase
26
Q

What occurs in Prophase?

Why is it important?

A
  • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down (disintegrates)
  • Centrioles migrate to opposite sides and grow spindles

Importance?

  • The duplicated chromosomes must be free to separate to opposite sides of the cell.
  • Centrioles will pull all duplicated material to their opposite poles (during anaphase)
27
Q

What occurs in Metaphase?

Why is it important?

A
  • Duplicated chromosomes line up around the middle of the cell.
  • It ensures that each duplicated pair can easily part to opposite sides of the cell
28
Q

What occurs in Anaphase?

A
  • The chromosomes ( and all duplicated material) are pulled apart by the centriole spindles to opposite poles
29
Q

What occurs during Telephase?

A
  • Chromosomes complete their journey to the poles
  • Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, briefly creating a cell with 2 nuceli.
  • In late telephase, cytokinesis occurs (the cell splits in two)
30
Q

A cell has twice as many mitochondria as a typical cell. It also has a large amount of rough ER.

What functions might the cell have?

A
  • Produce a lot of energy
  • Produce proteins
31
Q

what is the formula for circumfrence?

A

3.14 x diameter

32
Q

What happens if mitosis occurs in an uncontrolled manner in the body?

A

Mutations and cancer can occur

33
Q

What color did the agar cube turn in the diffusion experiment?

A

Pink

34
Q

Why did the agar cube change color?

A

Because the agar cubes are infused with phenopthalein and when you put them in a NaOH solution, the interaction causes them to change color.

z_A&P I: BIO425 (17 decks)

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