Ch 9: Joints Flashcards
Exam 2 Review
Another name for joint is
articulation
A joint is…
anywhere two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable.
Arthrology is the science of…
joint structure, function and dysfunction
Kinesiology is the study of…
musculoskeletal movement
What are the four major joint types?
- Bony
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Another name for a bony joint is
synostosis
Define:
bony joint/synostosis
An imovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become one.
Give 3 examples of synostosis joints
- frontal and mandibular bones in infants
- crainal sutures in elderly
- attachment of first rib and sternum with old age
Fibrous joints are also known as
synarthrosis or synarthrodial joints
What are the 3 kinds of fibruous joints?
- sutures
- gomphoses
- syndesmoses
Define:
suture joints
Immovable or slightly movable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other.
What are the 3 classifications of sutures?
Briefly describe
- Serrate - interlocking wavy lines
- Lap (squamous) - overlapping beveled edges
- Plane (butt) - straight non-overlapping edges
Name the serrate sutures
- sagittal
- coronol
- lamboid
Name the Lap sutures
- Squamous
What is an example of a plane suture?
The palatine process of the maxillae
Dovetail wood joint = ________ suture.
serrate
A wood miter joint = ________ suture.
Lap
A wood butt joint = _________ suture.
Plane
What type of joint attaches a tooth to its socket?
Gomphosis
Teeth are held in place by
periodontal ligaments
Define a syndesmosis joint
A fibrous joint where two bones are bound by long collagenous fibers called an interosseus membrane
Where are interosseus membranes found?
- between ulna and humerus
- between tibia and fibula
The interosseus membrane between the ulna and radius allows for what kind of movement?
supination and pronation
Cartilaginous joints are also known as
amphiarthrosis or amphiarthroidal joints
Where are cartilaginous joints found?
anywhere two bones are linked by cartilage
What are the two types of cartiliginous joints?
- Synchrondroses
- Symphyses
Synchondrosis joints are bound by
hyaline cartilage
What are two exampes of synchrondrosis joints?
- clavical to sternum
- epiphyseal plates
Symphysis joints are two bones joined by
fibrocartilage
Give two examples of symphysis joints
- pubic symphysis
- intervertabral discs
A synovial joint is also known as a
diarthrosis or diarthrodial joint
What is a diarthrodial joint?
A joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
True or False
Synovial joints have the most range of motion.
TRUE
This type of joint is found wherever you have free movement.
Synovial
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- ball and socket
- condyloid
- hinge
- pivot
- plane
- saddle
Name the joint:
The oval shape of one bone fits into the depression of another bone.
You get movement in two planes.
Condyloid
Name the joint:
A convex bone fits into a concave bone and allows movement in only one plane.
hinge
Name the joint:
Like the radius turning around
pivot
Name the joint:
The bones have flat surfaces and can glide past each other
plane
Name the joint:
Both bones have a saddle shape, one concave and one convex.
Movement in two planes but more movement than with condyloid joints
saddle joint
The round head of one bone fits into the depression of another bone.
Movement in all three planes
ball and socket
A joint between carpal bones is a _______ joint.
Plane
The joint at the knuckle is a ______ joint.
condylar
The joint where the carpals and metacarpals meet is a _______ joint.
saddle
The elbow is an example of a _______ joint.
hinge
The joint allowing supination and pronation of the ulna and radius is a _______ joint.
pivot
The hip is an example of a _______ joint.
ball and socket
Which type of joint is directly related to quality of life?
synovial
What is on the end of the bones that meet at the joint cavity?
hyaline cartilage
What substance fills the joint cavity of a diarthrosis joint?
synovial fluid
A person who is having pain or limiation of jaw movement may have
TMJ syndrome
What causes TMJ syndrome?
Psychological tension or malocculion (misalignment of teeth)
What are the treatments for TMJ syndrome?
- Psychological management
- Physical therapy
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs
- Corrective dental work to re-align teeth
The glenohumeral joint connects which bones?
glenoid cavity w/ humerus
_______ of the humerus is the most common shoulder dislocation.
Downward displacement
The humeroulnar joint is also known as
the elbow
What does the coxal joint connect?
femur to acetabulum
The tibiofemoral joint is also know as
the knee
Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee when it is pulled tight?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is responsible for keeping what two bones in proper alignment?
tibia and femur
A procedure in which the interior of the joint is viewed with a pencil-thin arthroscope inserted through a small incision is called…
Arthroscopy
A broad term for the pain and inflammation of a joint is called
arthritis
Physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders are called
Rheumatologists
What is the most common type of arthritis?
osteoarthritis
What type of arthritis occurs when antibodies attack synovial membrane degrading articular cartilage and ossifying the joint.
Rheumatoid
What is a solidly fused, immobilized joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis called?
Ankylosis
Replacement of a diseased joint with a prosthesis is called
arthroplasty
A movement that increases the angle between body parts is called
extension
Moving the neck, trunk or stretching a straight leg posterior is called
extension
A movement that decreases the angle between articulating joints is called
flexion
True or False
When standing in an anotomically correct position, the ulnar and radius are in a pronated position.
FALSE
They are in a supinated position
The movement of the head from side to side is called
rotation
The rotation of the leg to toward the outside of the body is called
lateral rotation
The rotation of the leg toward the inside of the body is called
medial rotation
Arms extended and moving the hands in circles is an example of
circumduction.
Moving a limb away from the body is called
abduction
Moving a limb toward the body is called
adduction
In pronation, are the radius and ulna parallel to each other or is the radius over the ulna?
radius is over the ulna
Do all people have the same number of bones? Explain your answer.
- No
- Anatomic variation and age
Name two bones that can get broken if you get punched in the eye.
- nasal
- zygomatic
What bones may be broken by a punch to the nose?
- nasal
- cribriform plate of ethnoid bone
What bone could break during CPR
xiphoid process
What could happen if a person breaks a rib?
puncture of the heart or lung
A bone disorder where the pitutary gland produces too much growth hormone in adulthood is called
Acromegaly
