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z_A&P I: BIO425 > Ch 9: Joints > Flashcards

Ch 9: Joints Flashcards

Exam 2 Review

1
Q

Another name for joint is

A

articulation

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2
Q

A joint is…

A

anywhere two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable.

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3
Q

Arthrology is the science of…

A

joint structure, function and dysfunction

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4
Q

Kinesiology is the study of…

A

musculoskeletal movement

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5
Q

What are the four major joint types?

A
  1. Bony
  2. Fibrous
  3. Cartilaginous
  4. Synovial
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6
Q

Another name for a bony joint is

A

synostosis

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7
Q

Define:

bony joint/synostosis

A

An imovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become one.

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8
Q

Give 3 examples of synostosis joints

A
  1. frontal and mandibular bones in infants
  2. crainal sutures in elderly
  3. attachment of first rib and sternum with old age
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9
Q

Fibrous joints are also known as

A

synarthrosis or synarthrodial joints

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10
Q

What are the 3 kinds of fibruous joints?

A
  1. sutures
  2. gomphoses
  3. syndesmoses
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11
Q

Define:

suture joints

A

Immovable or slightly movable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other.

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12
Q

What are the 3 classifications of sutures?

Briefly describe

A
  1. Serrate - interlocking wavy lines
  2. Lap (squamous) - overlapping beveled edges
  3. Plane (butt) - straight non-overlapping edges
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13
Q

Name the serrate sutures

A
  • sagittal
  • coronol
  • lamboid
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14
Q

Name the Lap sutures

A
  • Squamous
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15
Q

What is an example of a plane suture?

A

The palatine process of the maxillae

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16
Q

Dovetail wood joint = ________ suture.

A

serrate

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17
Q

A wood miter joint = ________ suture.

A

Lap

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18
Q

A wood butt joint = _________ suture.

A

Plane

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19
Q

What type of joint attaches a tooth to its socket?

A

Gomphosis

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20
Q

Teeth are held in place by

A

periodontal ligaments

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21
Q

Define a syndesmosis joint

A

A fibrous joint where two bones are bound by long collagenous fibers called an interosseus membrane

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22
Q

Where are interosseus membranes found?

A
  • between ulna and humerus
  • between tibia and fibula
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23
Q

The interosseus membrane between the ulna and radius allows for what kind of movement?

A

supination and pronation

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24
Q

Cartilaginous joints are also known as

A

amphiarthrosis or amphiarthroidal joints

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25
Q

Where are cartilaginous joints found?

A

anywhere two bones are linked by cartilage

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26
Q

What are the two types of cartiliginous joints?

A
  1. Synchrondroses
  2. Symphyses
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27
Q

Synchondrosis joints are bound by

A

hyaline cartilage

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28
Q

What are two exampes of synchrondrosis joints?

A
  1. clavical to sternum
  2. epiphyseal plates
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29
Q

Symphysis joints are two bones joined by

A

fibrocartilage

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30
Q

Give two examples of symphysis joints

A
  1. pubic symphysis
  2. intervertabral discs
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31
Q

A synovial joint is also known as a

A

diarthrosis or diarthrodial joint

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32
Q

What is a diarthrodial joint?

A

A joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity

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33
Q

True or False

Synovial joints have the most range of motion.

A

TRUE

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34
Q

This type of joint is found wherever you have free movement.

A

Synovial

35
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. ball and socket
  2. condyloid
  3. hinge
  4. pivot
  5. plane
  6. saddle
36
Q

Name the joint:

The oval shape of one bone fits into the depression of another bone.

You get movement in two planes.

A

Condyloid

37
Q

Name the joint:

A convex bone fits into a concave bone and allows movement in only one plane.

A

hinge

38
Q

Name the joint:

Like the radius turning around

A

pivot

39
Q

Name the joint:

The bones have flat surfaces and can glide past each other

A

plane

40
Q

Name the joint:

Both bones have a saddle shape, one concave and one convex.

Movement in two planes but more movement than with condyloid joints

A

saddle joint

41
Q

The round head of one bone fits into the depression of another bone.

Movement in all three planes

A

ball and socket

42
Q

A joint between carpal bones is a _______ joint.

A

Plane

43
Q

The joint at the knuckle is a ______ joint.

A

condylar

44
Q

The joint where the carpals and metacarpals meet is a _______ joint.

A

saddle

45
Q

The elbow is an example of a _______ joint.

A

hinge

46
Q

The joint allowing supination and pronation of the ulna and radius is a _______ joint.

A

pivot

47
Q

The hip is an example of a _______ joint.

A

ball and socket

48
Q

Which type of joint is directly related to quality of life?

A

synovial

49
Q

What is on the end of the bones that meet at the joint cavity?

A

hyaline cartilage

50
Q

What substance fills the joint cavity of a diarthrosis joint?

A

synovial fluid

51
Q

A person who is having pain or limiation of jaw movement may have

A

TMJ syndrome

52
Q

What causes TMJ syndrome?

A

Psychological tension or malocculion (misalignment of teeth)

53
Q

What are the treatments for TMJ syndrome?

A
  • Psychological management
  • Physical therapy
  • Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Corrective dental work to re-align teeth
54
Q

The glenohumeral joint connects which bones?

A

glenoid cavity w/ humerus

55
Q

_______ of the humerus is the most common shoulder dislocation.

A

Downward displacement

56
Q

The humeroulnar joint is also known as

A

the elbow

57
Q

What does the coxal joint connect?

A

femur to acetabulum

58
Q

The tibiofemoral joint is also know as

A

the knee

59
Q

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee when it is pulled tight?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

60
Q

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is responsible for keeping what two bones in proper alignment?

A

tibia and femur

61
Q

A procedure in which the interior of the joint is viewed with a pencil-thin arthroscope inserted through a small incision is called…

A

Arthroscopy

62
Q

A broad term for the pain and inflammation of a joint is called

A

arthritis

63
Q

Physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders are called

A

Rheumatologists

64
Q

What is the most common type of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis

65
Q

What type of arthritis occurs when antibodies attack synovial membrane degrading articular cartilage and ossifying the joint.

A

Rheumatoid

66
Q

What is a solidly fused, immobilized joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis called?

A

Ankylosis

67
Q

Replacement of a diseased joint with a prosthesis is called

A

arthroplasty

68
Q

A movement that increases the angle between body parts is called

A

extension

69
Q

Moving the neck, trunk or stretching a straight leg posterior is called

A

extension

70
Q

A movement that decreases the angle between articulating joints is called

A

flexion

71
Q

True or False

When standing in an anotomically correct position, the ulnar and radius are in a pronated position.

A

FALSE

They are in a supinated position

72
Q

The movement of the head from side to side is called

A

rotation

73
Q

The rotation of the leg to toward the outside of the body is called

A

lateral rotation

74
Q

The rotation of the leg toward the inside of the body is called

A

medial rotation

75
Q

Arms extended and moving the hands in circles is an example of

A

circumduction.

76
Q

Moving a limb away from the body is called

A

abduction

77
Q

Moving a limb toward the body is called

A

adduction

78
Q

In pronation, are the radius and ulna parallel to each other or is the radius over the ulna?

A

radius is over the ulna

79
Q

Do all people have the same number of bones? Explain your answer.

A
  • No
  • Anatomic variation and age
80
Q

Name two bones that can get broken if you get punched in the eye.

A
  1. nasal
  2. zygomatic
81
Q

What bones may be broken by a punch to the nose?

A
  • nasal
  • cribriform plate of ethnoid bone
82
Q

What bone could break during CPR

A

xiphoid process

83
Q

What could happen if a person breaks a rib?

A

puncture of the heart or lung

84
Q

A bone disorder where the pitutary gland produces too much growth hormone in adulthood is called

A

Acromegaly

z_A&P I: BIO425 (17 decks)

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